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【美股收评】2008年危机重演?英国巨头破产与PPI爆表触发抛售潮 道指狂泻超520点

FX1682026年2月27日 22:15
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 美国1月批发通胀数据意外“爆表”,叠加AI交易降温、私募信贷担忧升温等多重压力,美股周五(2月27日)全面走低并为2月收官蒙上阴影。

道琼斯工业平均指数收跌521.28点,跌幅1.06%,报48977.92点;标普500指数收跌0.43%,报6878.88点;纳斯达克综合指数下跌0.92%,报22668.21点。

(图源:FX168)

从月度表现看,标普500与纳指2月均收跌。市场人士指出,投资者对人工智能对特定行业及整体经济的冲击愈发担忧,而这一情绪在Jack Dorsey旗下金融科技公司Block宣布裁员超过4000人、接近员工总数一半后进一步发酵。与此同时,与经济周期高度相关的金融板块等也在周五出现回撤。

英国信贷巨头MFS宣告破产 华尔街多家投行卷入

私募信贷相关股票再度承压。英国信贷市场再传巨震。本周三,英国大型贷款机构 Market Financial Solutions Ltd.(简称 MFS) 正式进入破产程序。负责此案的法官在审理中披露,该公司正面临严峻的欺诈指控以及资产重复质押(Double-pledging)的质疑,这标志着该机构的信用彻底崩塌。

据知情人士透露,MFS 的债务敞口广泛涉及全球顶级金融机构。其中,巴克莱银行(Barclays)与阿波罗全球管理(Apollo Global Management)旗下的结构化信贷部门 Atlas 分别向其提供了数亿美元的巨额贷款。

此外,债权方名单还包括多加知名投行与资管机构:富瑞金融集团(Jefferies)、桑坦德银行(Santander)、富国银行(Wells Fargo)及Castlelake LP。

MFS 的崩盘并非孤立事件,它进一步加剧了市场对信贷承销标准过于宽松的忧虑。去年,美国汽车零部件供应商 First Brands Group 和次贷服务商 Tricolor Holdings 的相继倒闭,已让华尔街风声鹤唳。针对近期信贷市场的乱象,摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)首席执行官杰米·戴蒙(Jamie Dimon)在本周一发表了言辞犀利的警告。他指出,为了追求高回报,一些竞争对手正在做出极其“愚蠢”的行为,这种过度扩张和风险漠视让他联想到了 2008年金融危机爆发前夕 的景象。

市场担心英国按揭机构Market Financial Solutions倒闭事件可能带来潜在损失,Apollo与Jefferies分别下挫逾8%和9%,成为拖累个股之一。此前因流动性收紧与资产出售引发市场关注的Blue Owl亦下跌约6%。

科技与软件板块延续“难熬的一个月”。Salesforce周五跌超2%,微软同样走弱并对道指形成压制;网络安全公司Zscaler暴跌12%,主要因递延收入与账单(billings)未达市场预期;CoreWeave因业绩指引不佳大跌18%。芯片龙头英伟达继续财报后的回调,周五再跌约4%,此前一个交易日虽交出强劲财报仍大跌逾5%,令不少看多者感到意外。市场普遍将英伟达股价回落归因于其与OpenAI合作细节引发的不确定性、AI主题整体情绪转弱,以及投资者对超大规模云服务商(hyperscalers)高额AI资本开支可持续性的质疑。

PPI数据爆表引发担忧

引爆当日风险情绪的直接导火索,是远高于预期的PPI数据。数据显示,1月PPI环比上涨0.5%,高于市场预期的0.3%;更受关注的是剔除食品与能源后的核心PPI环比上涨0.8%,远超预期的0.3%。这一结果令市场对通胀“黏性”的担忧明显升温,也增加了美联储未来政策路径的不确定性。

Integrated Partners首席投资官Stephen Kolano表示,这份PPI报告使投资者面临的复杂性进一步上升。除AI资本开支与AI对行业的潜在冲击外,私募信贷市场压力同样令市场神经紧绷。Kolano强调,本次通胀上行似乎更多由服务类驱动,这可能意味着企业正在将关税相关成本向终端消费者转嫁,以维持利润率。“通胀还没有解决,”他指出,这给美联储带来两难:是通过降息刺激增长,还是继续维持利率以压制通胀。“这只会加剧市场对今年剩余时间政策方向的不确定性。”

Kolano还提到,就业市场同样是隐忧。尽管上月就业增长好于预期,但他并不确信劳动力市场已真正稳定,因为裁员正在增多。Challenger, Gray & Christmas此前报告称,1月裁员规模创下自全球金融危机以来同期最高水平。“我还看不到一个明确迹象能证明失业率不会继续上升,”他表示。

从行业与指数层面看,纳指2月累计跌逾3%,为去年3月以来最差月度表现。iShares Expanded Tech-Software ETF(IGV)月跌接近10%,年初至今跌幅接近23%。标普500指数2月下跌接近1%,而道指则小幅上涨约0.2%,反映市场内部结构性分化显著:传统权重与防御板块相对抗跌,而高估值科技、软件与与AI主题高度相关的资产承压更重。

戴尔大涨近22%

在个股与基本面层面,市场对戴尔(Dell)的态度则相对积极,该股收盘上涨近22%。

(图源:CNBC)

多家华尔街机构在其财报后普遍维持“买入”评级并上调目标价。公司在周四发布财报时指引称,2027财年每股收益有望增长25%,AI服务器需求亦在加速释放,相关产品季度营收同比增幅超过300%。不过,AI驱动的内存短缺与成本上行成为机构关注焦点。瑞银分析师David Voght表示,在内存供需矛盾突出的情况下,戴尔估值倍数可能难以明显扩张。美国银行虽维持买入,但担心为应对内存成本上升而进行的提价(公司去年已在PC端开始提价)可能引发需求受损;摩根士丹利在维持“减持/低配”立场时也强调了这一点。

与此同时,摩根大通分析师Samik Chatterjee认为,戴尔的业绩指引显示管理层对供应与成本压力已有准备。他指出,在内存成本较90天前更高的情况下,公司仍敢于显著上调盈利指引,这将促使投资者相信实现展望的下行风险低于此前预期。

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