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FACTBOX-Major US rail mergers that reshaped freight network

ReutersJul 24, 2025 1:56 PM

- Union Pacific UNP.N is in advanced talks to merge with rival Norfolk Southern NSC.N, a deal that could create a roughly $200 billion transcontinental railroad giant.

Such mergers have historically reshaped the rail map, consolidating regional carriers into some dominant networks, but often come under intense scrutiny from the Surface Transportation Board.

Landmark mergers in the past such as the creation of BNSF, and between Union Pacific and Southern Pacific, have set the stage for today's concentrated rail network, often triggering both operational gains and regulatory pushback.

Here are some of the largest railroad deals in the past three decades:

Year

Merger

Deal value

Note

1995

Burlington Northern & Santa Fe

$4.1 billion

Created one of the largest U.S. railroads at the time

1996

Union Pacific & Southern Pacific

$5.4 billion

The merger caused significant operational problems and shipping delays that led to tougher regulatory standards

1998

CSX & Norfolk Southern split Conrail

$10.2 billion

Conrail was split between CSX and Norfolk Southern in a joint acquisition

2023

Canadian Pacific & Kansas City Southern

$31 billion

First single-line railroad linking U.S., Canada and Mexico

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