LENZ Therapeutics 2026 年第三季財報電話會議：VIZZ 成長與營運費用重置

重點摘要

• 2026 年第三季產品營收季增超過 50% 至 260 萬美元，主要由超過 3.8 萬筆付費處方箋推升，較第二季大幅成長 51%。
• 遠距醫療貢獻了本季超過 50% 的新增處方箋。管理層表示，全國電視廣告與遠距醫療將「廣告轉換至看診」的週期從原本的 4 至 6 週縮短至幾天內。
• 開立 VIZZ 處方的眼科專業人員已超過 15,000 名，其中超過 75% 重複開立處方。眼科專業人員對該產品的知名度已超過 90%。
• LENZ 宣布一項以消費者為導向的商業重組計劃，將裁員至約 40 名員工，並將年度營運費用降低超過 50%。
• 管理層目標將 2027 年營運費用控制在 7,000 萬美元至 7,500 萬美元之間，其中超過 70% 將投入消費者導向的銷售與行銷。
• 總裁兼執行長 Evert Schimmelpennink 將於 2026 年 12 月 1 日離職。董事會在尋找正式執行長人選期間，將由財務長 Daniel Chevallard 擔任代理執行長。

核心財務數據

業務與營運表現

VIZZ 第三季的成長主要受惠於全國性電視廣告，以及 7 月推出的遠距醫療管道。該公司表示，所有銷售管道的處方箋數量均有所成長，其中遠距醫療占新增處方箋的一半以上。

VIZZ 可透過零售藥局、網路藥局及遠距醫療取得。自核准上市至第三季，LENZ 已分發超過 400 萬瓶眼藥水（含試用品與商業產品），並售出約 11 萬包。根據管理層引用的 2026 年 Symphony TRx 數據，VIZZ 在美國老花眼滴眼液市場佔有 94% 的市佔率。

遠距醫療管道在初步篩檢後，主要採用非同步的醫師審查機制。早期遠距醫療使用者在男女比例上大致均衡，且略微集中在 45 至 55 歲的患者。

在網路藥局管道中，約 60% 的患者購買了超過一個月的用量。管理層表示，該群體平均每年購買超過五包。

國際市場方面，LENZ 透過其商業夥伴已有 11 項監管審查申請正在進行中。該公司預計未來幾個月和幾季將在美國以外地區提交更多申請並獲得潛在批准。

管理層指引

LENZ 預計在 2026 年第四季完成絕大部分重組活動，並認列約 500 萬美元的一次性淨重組費用。

管理層預計年度營運費用將下降 50% 以上，並將 2027 年營運費用目標設定在 7,000 萬至 7,500 萬美元。預計支出的 70% 以上將用於支持公司以消費者為導向的銷售與行銷策略。費用降低趨勢的完整效果預計將在第一季顯現。

該公司繼續預計產品毛利率將隨時間逐漸接近 90% 左右。LENZ 未提供營收或現金可維持時間的指引。

風險與關注領域

老花眼滴眼液領域仍處於早期階段，LENZ 正將資源從對醫師的一對一推廣轉向激發消費者需求。執行成效將取決於電視、數位廣告與遠距醫療能否繼續有效獲取患者。

隨著員工總數縮減至約 40 人，且銷售與醫療團隊變得更小、更集中，此次重組帶來了執行風險。

管理層也在過渡。Schimmelpennink 將在 Chevallard 接任代理執行長前監督初期重組工作。董事會已展開正式執行長尋訪工作，Chevallard 也是候選人之一，但未提供時間表。

管理層還指出，Symphony 處方數據的準確度一直保持在 70% 左右，限制了對整體處方活動的可見度。

分析師問答重點

• 遠距醫療貢獻：管理層預計遠距醫療仍將是一個重要的管道。網站流量和其他早期指標在第四季持續成長，同時遠距醫療之外的處方箋數量也有所增加。
• 廣告轉換：在推出遠距醫療之前，電視行銷活動通常需要 4 到 6 週才能透過眼科診所帶來處方增長。而在遠距醫療助推下，管理層可以在幾天內觀察到效果。
• 縮減外勤業務團隊：LENZ 指出，眼科專業人員對產品的知名度超過 90%、超過 75% 的開處方者重複開立處方，以及在無業務涵蓋區域與非主要目標醫師中的處方開立水準相似，這些均為縮減外勤覆蓋範圍提供了支持。
• 行銷資源分配：該公司將根據消費者獲客成本和量測到的回報，調整在電視、Instagram、Facebook、TikTok 及其他管道的支出。
• 獲利能力：管理層未提供獲利時間表，但重申了 2027 年的營運費用目標以及季末 1.973 億美元的現金餘額。

財報電話會議完整逐字稿

完整財報電話會議逐字稿

管理層陳述

Operator

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the LENZ Therapeutics Third Quarter 2026 Financial Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]

As a reminder, this call is being recorded. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Dan Chevallard, Chief Financial Officer. Please go ahead.

Daniel Chevallard

Thank you, Tina. Good morning, and thank you for joining us today. My name is Dan Chevallard, Chief Financial Officer of LENZ Therapeutics. We are joined today by Eef Schimmelpennink, our President and Chief Executive Officer; Shawn Olsson, our Chief Commercial Officer; and Dr. Marc Bloomenstein, our Chief Medical Officer.

Before we begin, I would like to remind you that this call will contain forward-looking statements regarding LENZ's future expectations, plans, prospects, corporate strategy, regulatory and commercial plans and expectations, cash runway projections and performance. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors and risks, including those discussed in our filings with the SEC and which can also be found on our website.

In addition, any forward-looking statement represents only our views as of the date of this webcast and should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. We specifically disclaim any obligation to update such statements. The company encourages you to consult the risk factors contained in our SEC filings for additional detail.

With that, I'll now turn the call over to Eef.

Evert Schimmelpennink

Thank you, Dan. Good morning, everyone. Today's results mark an important step forward for LENZ and VIZZ. In the third quarter, we saw more than 50% growth in both product revenue and total prescriptions, with strong momentum continuing into the fourth quarter. On October 1, we marked the 1-year anniversary of this launch.

Over the past year, we've built important foundations, gained valuable insights into what drives adoptions and, importantly, drove encouraging momentum from our consumer-focused initiatives. This last quarter, we continued to see that consumer demand generation is a key driver of growth. Expanding our pilot reading glasses campaign to national TV enabled us to reach a broader group of consumers with a clear message around an alternative to reading glasses.

Our newly established telehealth channel also gives interested consumers a convenient path to evaluation by an independent licensed eye care professional and, if appropriate, a prescription for home delivery. Together, these initiatives have helped to establish a more seamless path from awareness to evaluation, treatment and continued use. And as I mentioned, the results were more than 50% growth in product revenue and total prescriptions in the third quarter, with strong momentum carrying into the early weeks of Q4.

We have built a strong foundation with eye care professionals. This awareness now exceeds 90%, with more than 15,000 prescribing ECPs. At the same time, our launch experience has shown that physician awareness alone is not sufficient to drive adoption at the pace we want. The strongest growth response has come when consumer demand generation is paired with convenient access.

All of this is giving us great clarity on the commercial model best positioned to support durable growth in this category. Based on what we have learned, we announced a strategic reorganization designed to align LENZ with this consumer-led commercial model. Going forward, consumer marketing will be the emphasis of our U.S. commercial strategy, with a much smaller and more focused sales and medical team maintaining important KOL, ECP and trade relationships.

This is an evolution of our launch strategy, not a change in our commitment to LENZ. The reorganization concentrates our people and capital on the activities that are demonstrating the clearest connection to patient acquisition and sales growth. It also creates a more efficient structure for the business we are building.

As part of this transition, we expect our organization to move to approximately 40 employees, and we expect overall operating expense to decrease by more than 50%. We are targeting 2027 operating expenses of approximately $70 million to $75 million, with more than 70% of our projected spend allocated to our consumer-driven sales and marketing strategy. We strongly believe this focused model gives us the opportunity to reach more patients, expand this emerging category and build a durable business.

With that, I will hand it over to Shawn, who will provide more detail on our commercial execution.

Shawn Olsson

Thank you, Eef. As mentioned, we are 1 year into launch and have made measurable progress in 3 key areas: eye care professionals, consumers and access. With ECPs, we have driven awareness of VIZZ to above 90%, achieved more than 15,000 prescribing ECPs, and over 75% of them have prescribed more than once. With consumers, we've launched our national campaign and have continued to optimize ad placement to support VIZZ's continued growth.

On access, this is operating well and growing in all channels. VIZZ is now available through retail pharmacies, the e-pharmacy and [Finch Health] telehealth, giving patients several ways to access VIZZ. This broader campaign and the additional telehealth channel have been the key drivers of the 50% quarter-over-quarter TRx growth in Q3. And impressively, we have done that with Q3 working media spend broadly in line with Q2.

Looking at the performance of VIZZ, the presbyopia eye drop category is still in its infancy. We're focused on growing this market, and it's clear that VIZZ is the leader in this developing category. Since approval and launch through Q3, we have distributed more than 4 million vials, including samples and commercial products, and sold approximately 110,000 packs. This makes VIZZ the #1-selling presbyopia eye drop in the U.S. since its approval.

Furthermore, based on the 2026 TRx data from Symphony, VIZZ has a 94% market share in the U.S. Building a new category takes time and, therefore, a disciplined allocation of commercial resources. The more than 50% growth in Q3 shows what consumer campaigns can do, and that is where we will concentrate our efforts. Consumer marketing will take the lead in our commercial strategy and receive a larger share of our commercial investment, including continued national television and digital advertising on the channels that deliver the strongest return.

As we look towards our year 2 commercial focus, for ECPs, our foundational awareness of VIZZ is built, and we're moving from one-on-one detailing to broad ECP engagement through marketing, supported by a small team focused on key opinion leaders, speakers, national and state-level support. This keeps VIZZ top of mind in the community while allowing us to direct more resources towards consumer demand, which will be our primary focus. We believe this is the right commercial model for durable growth.

With that, I'll turn the call back over to Eef.

Evert Schimmelpennink

Thank you, Shawn. Before handing the call over to Dan to discuss our financial results and outlook, I also want to address the leadership transition we announced. After nearly 6 years leading LENZ and more than 25 years in biotech, I have decided to transition from my role as President and CEO, effective December 1, 2026, to be able to devote more time to our patients.

This is a deeply personal decision, and I've come to the point where I feel confident in the direction of the company. We have built an important foundation to this, and we have great clarity on the commercial model ahead, and we're aligning the organization around the opportunity in front of us. Dan and I will work closely together through December 1 to implement the reorganization, ensure continuity and position him for success as Interim Chief Executive Officer.

I have full confidence in Dan's ability to lead LENZ through its next phase. He knows the business inside out and has been closely involved in building the foundation for our commercial growth. Together with Shawn, Marc and the full leadership team, he is well prepared to lead LENZ through its next phase, and I look forward to continuing to support him, the team and the Board as a strategic adviser. I'm very grateful to the LENZ team, our past and present employees, and our Board of Directors for their support throughout this journey. I'm proud of what we have accomplished together, encouraged by the momentum we're seeing and confident in LENZ's future.

With that, I'd like to hand the call over to Dan.

Daniel Chevallard

Thank you, Eef. I'd like to start by saying thank you for all of your contributions to LENZ, and I look forward to your continued guidance as we work through your transition. Your leadership has left a lasting mark on LENZ, on me and the team we have built together. I'm humbled by the confidence placed in me by Eef and the Board of Directors to step into this role. I'm encouraged by our momentum.

Our priorities are clear, and we're focused on executing in this next phase at LENZ. As both Eef and Shawn have discussed, early results from the July launch of telehealth and our nationwide TV advertising campaign have been encouraging, as evidenced by a sequential increase of over 50% in product revenue in Q3 over Q2, with meaningful script growth observed across distribution channels.

Impressively, our telehealth channel contributed more than 50% of the incremental scripts this quarter. Reflecting on Q3, we reported total product revenues of $2.6 million, driven by over 38,000 paid scripts, representing a 50% and 51% sequential increase over Q2, respectively, and maintaining our consistently strong gross-to-net ratio of approximately 93%. In addition, we reported $800,000 in license revenue related to the recognition of a portion of the upfront payment received from our commercialization agreement with Vertex Pharmaceuticals signed in late Q2.

I will provide a further update on our global commercialization efforts for VIZZ in a moment. Turning now to operating expenses. Our cost of sales on third quarter product revenue totaled $0.5 million, and we continue to anticipate this to trend to approximately 90% product gross margin over time. Total SG&A decreased to $35.8 million in Q3, or approximately $31.5 million adjusted to exclude noncash stock-based compensation and an additional $0.3 million in one-time noncash charges.

This was a 10% quarter-over-quarter decline from Q2, which was in line with our expectations. Total research and development expenses remained $0 in the third quarter, consistent with recent periods. Our Q3 net loss per share, both basic and diluted, was $0.99 per share in the quarter on a net loss of $31 million, and we ended the third quarter with approximately $197.3 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

As I discussed today, we announced a strategic consumer marketing-focused reorganization that is designed to concentrate our resources on the initiatives we believe have the greatest potential to drive durable patient growth, significantly lower our cost structure and increase capital efficiency. We anticipate completing substantially all activities related to the reorganization in the fourth quarter, with an estimated $5 million in one-time net restructuring charges.

As we look ahead, we expect our annual operating expenses will reduce by over 50% and are targeting 2027 operating expenses in the range of $70 million to $75 million, with over 70% of our forward spend allocated to our consumer-driven marketing strategy highlighted today. As I have in prior quarters, I wanted to take a moment to provide an update on our global licensing and commercialization efforts.

We continue to see VIZZ as a global product, and with a worldwide population of over 1.8 billion adults with presbyopia, we believe the opportunity to expand our commercial footprint is an important and promising one. In Q3, we continued to advance our regulatory efforts with our commercial partners and now have 11 regulatory submissions under review and anticipate multiple additional submissions and potential ex-U.S. regulatory approvals in the months and quarters ahead. We remain focused on further expanding our global network in additional strategic geographies. And as I mentioned, we'll maintain that effort as a strategic priority as we advance from here.

With that, I'll turn the call back over to Eef.

Evert Schimmelpennink

Thanks, Dan. To close, I want to thank the entire LENZ team for the commitment and dedication you've shown in bringing VIZZ from development through approval and onto the U.S. market. We're very encouraged by the momentum we're seeing. We have a clearer and more focused commercial strategy, and we're taking decisive steps to build a more efficient and durable business. I believe in the opportunity ahead for VIZZ and LENZ's ability to execute against it.

With that, we would like to open up the call for questions.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Stacy Ku with TD Cowen.

分析師問答

Stacy Ku

Nice to see you step in. So just two. First, on telehealth, where do you see the contribution going for VIZZ prescriptions? With strategic changes, there can sometimes be some growing pains. Do you expect to see continued prescription growth in the next few months? And what gives you confidence in this trajectory looking further out over the next few years? And then second, if you look at the prescription trajectory, maybe through Symphony, can you talk about how closely aligned the prescriptions have been, correlating to your DTC strategy?

Shawn Olsson

Stacy, this is Shawn. Thanks for the question. So looking at the telehealth channel. So what we're seeing is, of the growth, telehealth is contributing the most to the recent growth in Q3. And so as we look forward, we continue to see that this will be a meaningful channel for us. What we are also very proud of is with our television campaigns and our advertising campaigns, we're seeing growth on all channels. So all channels remain meaningful to us, and all channels we saw growing in this quarter.

What gives us continued confidence is as we look at the early KPIs, visitors to the website, right, data going into this month, right, we continue to see that growth, and that gives us confidence in VIZZ's continued growth going forward. In terms of the Symphony data, we still believe the Symphony data is more accurate than the IQVIA data, and that's why we referenced the Symphony data in this call, continues to be a consistent amount off. It's hard for us to speculate if that will change going forward. But what we've seen so far is it continue to have about 70% accuracy.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Marc Goodman with Leerink Partners.

Alyssa Larios

This is Alyssa on for Marc. Now that the telehealth channel has been active for several months now, could you share what proportion of patients have required a live appointment versus completing the asynchronous ECP review? And secondly, could you provide any color on the characteristics or profile of these early adopters?

Shawn Olsson

This is Shawn. Thanks for your question. So when we look at the telehealth channel. So the way the telehealth channel is structured is, first of all, to get into the telehealth channel, it starts by going through a screener. The screener filters out any high-risk patients to make sure that only patients that are appropriate continue on to that doctor evaluation.

And that doctor evaluation, it can be, as you said, both asynchronous or synchronous, asynchronous being done at 2 separate times, synchronous being a call or a video face-to-face. The vast majority are done asynchronously. What we are happy to see is not only is telehealth working for providing new scripts, but it is also screening out patients appropriately. We do see people screened out both in the screener phase as well as after the screener phase when it moves on to the doctor evaluation. I think you had a second question. What was the second question?

Alyssa Larios

Just any detail on the demographics or patient characteristics from this early wave of adopters.

Shawn Olsson

Yes, great question. So what's nice about our e-pharmacy channel and our telehealth channel, we can see that demographic data of the patients. What we see is the telehealth patient is very similar to the other patients that are using the product. In the telehealth channel, the split is roughly 50-50 male, female. It does skew slightly more towards the younger end of presbyopia, right, in that 45 to 55 range. But ultimately, it is a very similar patient to what we're seeing in the other channels.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Yigal Nochomovitz with Citi.

Yigal Nochomovitz

This is Caroline on for Yigal. Can you tell us more about the sales cycle through telehealth? Specifically, do you have data that tracks when a consumer moves from seeing a digital or TV ad to engaging with the telehealth platform and ultimately filling a prescription? And how does that compare with the traditional in-office pathway?

Shawn Olsson

Thank you, and this is Shawn again. Thanks for the question. So what's great about the telehealth channel is we see a lot more data. What I can tell you is when we first ran our pilot TV campaign in select markets, when we first launched that, we didn't have the telehealth channel open yet. And typically, when we ran in those select markets, it was a 4- to 6-week cycle until we saw the lift from running the TV campaigns, so that patient went into the eye care office.

Here, now that we have the telehealth open, we can see when TV is on and when TV is off and a direct impact and correlation to scripts moving through the telehealth channel. So with the telehealth channel now open, that correlation from advertising and time to visit is within a couple of days compared to multiple weeks prior to the telehealth channel. So that's what we're seeing, and that gives us, again, positivity in our advertising. It also allows us to very easily monitor where advertising is working and where it's not to correlate advertising back to that patient.

Yigal Nochomovitz

Great. And then if I may, are your ex U.S. partners taking notes from the U.S. launch in terms of deploying a sales force or not and leveraging DTC campaigns?

Daniel Chevallard

Yes. Good question. This is Dan. I think we're definitely making sure that we're in constant communication with our commercial partners around the world. And to the extent that they can leverage our learnings for their commercial strategy, that's always going to be a positive. Important, though, also to remember that the U.S. market and ex U.S. markets are not the same. So we always characterize our learnings in the U.S. as U.S.-centric. And hopefully, the goal will be for them to leverage those for their specific markets.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Lachlan Hanbury-Brown with William Blair.

Lachlan Hanbury-Brown

I was wondering if you could talk more about the growth you're seeing outside the telehealth channel. I mean, is that sort of concentrated among certain prescribers? I know you don't have as much data there, but what kind of trends are you seeing there? And then secondly, can you just talk to your confidence level that you don't need as much of a field team anymore? I mean, I get that it looks like the telehealth and the advertising are really driving things, but what gives you confidence that taking the field team or the reps out of the field is not going to impact the growth trajectory moving forward?

Shawn Olsson

Hi, Lachlan, this is Shawn. Great question. I think I heard the first question correctly, but I just want to make sure. I think it was about the prescriber base in telehealth. Was that the first question?

Lachlan Hanbury-Brown

About outside of telehealth. We talked about the nice uptick you're seeing in telehealth, but wondering if that's accounting for about 15% of growth. Obviously, you're seeing growth outside of telehealth as well. So wondering if you can talk about what you're seeing there in terms of the breadth and depth of prescribers and where that growth is coming from.

Shawn Olsson

Got it. Thanks, Lachlan. So yes, we're very pleased that we now have over 15,000 prescribing ECPs. What we've seen since we've turned on our national TV campaign, one, we're seeing consistency in the prescribers, with 75% now prescribing multiple times. But what we're also seeing in growth outside of telehealth is the broad excitement for an eye drop for presbyopia. These new prescribers, a lot of them are not targets.

So what we're seeing is we're driving consumers into eye care professionals around the country that necessarily haven't been called upon. So we're seeing broad adoption and prescribing in the eye care community outside of telehealth, which is very good. And then what was your second question, Lachlan?

So on the impact of the sales force, what gives us confidence in this? So what we have seen is we have 90% awareness in the eye care community.

So they are fully aware that repeat prescribing behavior, what we're seeing is when a patient comes in and asks about VIZZ, it is prescribed. And therefore, the real success is getting more patients to come in and ask about VIZZ. What we are seeing is a lot in the doctor state to proactively bring up VIZZ, and our best focus and allocation of our dollars is to drive the patient in and ask about it. What we've also seen is in markets where we have an empty territory or non-target doctors, they are prescribing VIZZ as much as those targeted doctors. So that gives us confidence in the focus on the consumer campaign.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Jason Gerberry with Bank of America.

Jason Gerberry

This is Melanie on for Jason. Just one on the leadership transition. How are you guys thinking about the process for the permanent CEO search, both in terms of timing and profile you're looking for, especially given kind of the shift in commercial strategy?

Evert Schimmelpennink

Thanks for the question. This is Eef. So if you think about the transition, we want to make sure, and I'm making sure, that it's a very smooth one. Like I said, it was a personal decision on my end to transition out. I'll be leading the change that we just announced, making sure the organization is set up well for Dan to then step in as the interim CEO. As I've mentioned, Dan has a wealth of knowledge around the business.

He's been with me and us for a long time now and has been integral to everything that we do within LENZ. So he's extremely well positioned to lead the company. In parallel, the Board has started a search. And obviously, Dan is one of the key candidates in that as well. We're not making any commitments around timelines. Again, both me and the Board have full confidence in Dan to lead the organization into its next growth phase. So we don't expect any impact on our strategy and the execution of it with this transition.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Matthew Caufield with H.C. Wainwright.

Matthew Caufield

Apologies if this has been addressed previously. But in terms of marketing, in addition to the telehealth fulfillment channel, what possible factors would support ultimately turning on the DTC campaign in greater capacity following the strategic commercial reorg? Thanks for any added color there.

Shawn Olsson

Thanks. That's a great question. So again, this is Shawn. So what we continue to monitor on the DTC side is, as we're pulsing different channels, as we turn on TV, what's the response that we're seeing across not only telehealth, but all channels? We do the same thing across Instagram, across Facebook, across TikTok, as well as different ads. So what we continue to look at and measure is what's that consumer acquisition cost of our different ads. And as we drive that consumer acquisition cost down for the ones that we feel are a valuable ROI, that's our signal to turn up that spend or change how much we're allocating dollars to the different channels.

Operator

And our final question comes from the line of Biren Amin with Piper Sandler.

Biren Amin

This is Michael on for Biren. I was just wondering if you could give a little bit more color on the refill rate. And given the recent cost restructuring, could you share how you're thinking about timeline to profitability?

Shawn Olsson

Thanks, Michael. So this is Shawn. So I'll cover the refill rate. So what we are seeing is we have multiple channels, but the channel where we can see the best data is the e-pharmacy channel and the telehealth channel. Those channels represent the majority of our volume. Now the telehealth channel is still new. It's only about 3 months old. So we're early there. The e-pharmacy channel, we have data for over a year now.

And what we can see in our e-pharmacy channel is that about 60% of the patients purchase more than a 1-month supply. So we're encouraged by that number. For that same group, what we're seeing is over the course of the year, that group is buying more than 5 packs per year. So that's a little bit more color on the refill rate and the total product being consumed by our predominant channel.

Daniel Chevallard

And Michael, this is Dan. I'll take your second question as it relates to forward guidance. So ending Q3, $197.3 million in cash. I think what we highlighted today was, as you think about our forward spend, approximately a 50% reduction in our forward OpEx. So what we've guided is a $70 million to $75 million annual spend in 2027 and going forward, I think you should expect to see the full impact of that change in spend trajectory in Q1. We're not providing cash runway guidance or revenue guidance at this time, as we haven't previously. So I think we gave you those inputs for today based upon the disclosures we made here.

Operator

This concludes our question-and-answer session as I am now showing no further questions. Thank you for your participation, and we will now conclude today's conference call. You may now disconnect.