Depreciation
Currency depreciation is the reverse of currency appreciation. It refers to the decline in the value of one currency relative to another.
For instance, if the EUR/GBP exchange rate drops from 0.95 to 0.92, the British pound (GBP) has depreciated by £0.03. This means that one euro now costs £0.92 (or 92 pence) instead of £0.95.
A currency can depreciate for various reasons, such as a negative trade balance, interest rates, inflation, monetary and fiscal policies, and political stability. Central banks may even implement negative interest rates (NIRP) to induce currency depreciation, particularly if the currency is so strong that it negatively impacts the country's export sector.
When a central bank lowers interest rates, assets denominated in that currency become less appealing to investors due to the reduced interest they generate. As a result, the announcement of an interest rate cut typically leads to a depreciation of the currency, as investors are inclined to sell assets in that currency and purchase assets in currencies with higher yields before the actual rate cut occurs.
In essence, a currency depreciates due to a decline in investor confidence. Significant losses of confidence can severely impact a currency and, by extension, the economic well-being of the country that uses it.
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