保德信 (PRU) 2026 年第三季財報電話會議：PGIM 利潤率擴張，日本業務承壓

重點摘要

• 稅後調整後營業利益從去年同期的 14 億美元（或每股 4.05 美元）降至 13 億美元（或每股 3.77 美元）。年初至今調整後平均股東權益營業報酬率持平於 14.5%。
• 日本稅前調整後營業利益從 7.5 億美元降至 5.59 億美元。日本保德信暫停銷售使單季獲利減少約 1.4 億美元，年初至今獲利減少約 3.75 億美元。
• PGIM 稅前調整後營業利益成長 8% 至 2.63 億美元。在手續費收入增加、市場增值、投資績效優異與費用降低的推動下，其利益率擴張 280 個基點至 26.5%。
• 零售年金銷售額達 39 億美元，創 2013 年以來的單季新高，其中註冊型指數連動年金銷售額亦創下單季歷史新高。
• 保德信同意以 40.25 億美元出售其巴西與墨西哥業務。管理層預計扣除稅款、交易費用與交割成本後的淨收益約為 31 億美元。
• 管理層計劃將資本配置於 PGIM、團體保險與精選的歐洲退休市場商機，同時對策略契合度、報酬率、獲利成長與自由現金流創造能力維持嚴格的門檻。

重要財務數據

業務與營運表現

PGIM

PGIM 錄得 90 億美元的第三方淨流入，為 10 個季度以來的最強表現，法人與零售管道均做出正向貢獻。公開市場固定收益是主要推動力，而主動型公開市場股票則持續承壓。

主動型 ETF 平台資產規模突破 400 億美元，並在第 3 季吸引超過 60 億美元的淨流入。在直接借貸與不動產債權的帶動下，私募資產募資額年增 10%。資產抵押融資投放金額成長近 30%。

管理層表示，費率較高的策略（包括私募信貸、資產抵押融資與 ETF）將支撐 PGIM 的長期利益率擴張。公司目標在數年內達成 30% 的利益率，並在更長期間內超過 30%。

退休與年金業務

零售年金銷售額達 39 億美元。在過去 12 個月 140 億美元銷售額的支撐下，帳戶價值成長 25% 至 680 億美元。

退休業務獲利較去年同期小幅下滑，主因利差收入、提前還款收入及另類投資收益的增加，被退休金風險轉移業務的逕減、較不利的死亡率表現以及與成長相關費用的增加所抵銷。該季包含 3,000 萬美元的提前還款收入，而 2026 年第 2 季為 2,200 萬美元。

前三季退休金風險轉移業務活動有限。保德信於 10 月完成了三筆中型交易，總金額約 16 億美元，並預計在符合其報酬率要求的前提下，於年底前完成更多交易。

美國保險業務

團體保險獲利成長 12%，反映了全美大型企業帳戶壽險良好的死亡率表現以及補充性健康險的成長。年初至今銷售額成長 23%。整體給付率為 81%，因壽險表現強勁而低於公司的目標區間。

殘疾險業務表現轉弱，主因短期與長期殘疾的發生率與嚴重程度上升。管理層指出，心理健康理賠以及高收入者的理賠增加，同時也提到理賠結案表現創兩年多以來的最高水準。

個人壽險獲利增至 1.99 億美元，其中包括約 3,000 萬美元的準備金調整以及較高的利差收入。銷售總額達 2.3 億美元，其中 Custom Premier II 變額萬能壽險產品銷售創歷史新高。

日本

日本銷售額為 2.91 億美元，因日本保德信暫停銷售而年減 36%，但季增 11%。獨立代理人通路銷售額年增 53%，且保德信在過去 12 個月內將提供特定退休及儲蓄產品的保險代理機構數量增加至三倍。

管理層預計日本保德信與直布羅陀人壽將自 2 月 1 日起分階段重返市場。公司表示，重啟銷售取決於證明其修訂後的治理、監督與客戶保護架構在實務中切實有效。

投資組合精簡與資本輪動

保德信同意以 40.25 億美元將其巴西與墨西哥業務出售給法國國家人壽 (CNP Assurances)。預計淨收益約為 31 億美元，預計於明年下半年完成交割。

公司亦完成了印尼與肯亞保險業務的出售，並宣布出售其南非業務。管理層表示，併購可能與資產處分同步進行，而無需等待所有交易完成交割。

管理層指引

• 保德信維持預期 2026 年日本保德信暫停銷售將使調整後營業利益減少約 5 億美元，直布羅陀人壽亦將造成額外約 1 億美元的影響。
• 公司維持預測 2026 全年企業端虧損為 15.5 億美元。受員工福利成本、品牌支出及遞延專案支出影響，第 4 季費用預計將會上升。
• 全年有效稅率指引自 21%–22% 下調至 20%–21%，主要是由於新興市場被重新分類為已處分業務。
• 管理層表示，其先前公布的 2027 年稅前經常性效益 1.5 億美元目標已進度超前。
• PGIM 年初至今利益率為 24.6%。若扣除去年的重組費用，則增長 240 個基點，超前 2026 年擴張至少 200 個基點的目標。
• 管理層預計，由於暫停銷售，日本有效契約獲利將下降約 15%，而利率上升以及退休和儲蓄產品的成長可能有助於抵銷部分影響。

風險與關注焦點

• 日本暫停銷售仍是最大的獲利逆風。儘管解約活動在 4 月和 10 月暫時增加後已恢復正常，但分階段重啟銷售的時間點與成效依然至關重要。
• 在總體經濟與就業市場不確定性下，殘疾險理賠發生率與嚴重程度偏高，其中包括心理健康理賠的增加。
• 截至第 3 季，退休金風險轉移業務規模維持低迷，且交易時程仍呈現偶發性。管理層表示，若市場競爭壓低報酬率，公司將以價值為優先，而非盲目追求規模。
• 主動型公開市場股票資金流出仍是 PGIM 面臨的挑戰，而固定收益與房地產市況亦持續面臨總體經濟壓力。
• 美國傳統產品業務獲利持續受到變額年金業務區塊逕減的影響。

分析師問答焦點

• 併購策略：管理層指出資產管理與團體保險的併購市場競爭激烈，但表示保德信正在評估多項機會。公司預計資本輪動將是一個為期約五年的多階段過程，並獲得併購與有機成長的雙重支撐。
• 資本回報：公司的資本配置優先順序仍為維持 AA 級財務實力、為有機成長提供資金，隨後透過股利與股票回購向股東返還資本。管理層預計投資組合輪動不會改變整體資本配置計畫。
• PGIM 費率結構：管理層表示，ETF 與私募資產可提高平均費率，但鑑於 PGIM 約 1.5 兆美元的資產規模，應以數年而非單季的角度來評估相關變化。
• 日本資本水準：約 200% 的經濟償付能力比率 (ESR) 反映了獲利累積、主動資本管理以及精算假設調整。管理層表示，暫停銷售並非該指標改善的主要因素，且預計不會對 2026 年或 2027 年的日本資本或現金流產生重大影響。
• AI 相關曝險：保德信公布一般帳戶中與 AI 相關的曝險為 72 億美元，佔總額不到 2%。其中包括 31 億美元的資料中心曝險與 11 億美元的 GPU 曝險；管理層強調這些部位具備投資級租約、多元化的租戶結構，且無特定投機性建設風險。

法說會完整逐字稿

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完整財報電話會議逐字稿

管理層陳述

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to Prudential's quarterly earnings conference call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It's now my pleasure to turn the call over to Tina Madon.

Tina Madon

Thank you. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. Representing Prudential on today's call are Andy Sullivan, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and Yanela Frias, Chief Financial Officer. We'll start with prepared remarks by Andy and Yanela, and then we'll address your questions.

Before we begin, I want to remind you that today's discussion may include forward-looking statements. It is possible that our actual results may differ materially from those statements. In addition, remarks made on today's call and in our quarterly earnings press release, earnings presentation and quarterly financial supplement, which can be found on our website at investor.prudential.com, include references to non-GAAP measures.

For a reconciliation of such measures to the most comparable GAAP measures and a discussion of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in these forward-looking statements, please see the slides titled Forward-Looking Statements and Non-GAAP Measures in the appendices to our earnings presentation and quarterly financial supplement.

With that, I'll now turn the call over to Andy.

Andrew Sullivan

Thank you, Tina, and good morning, everyone. Our third quarter results demonstrated the discipline and consistency with which we are executing and the progress we are making in creating a simpler, more focused Prudential. We are advancing our strategic priorities from a position of strength. In August, we laid out a clear direction: concentrate our capital, talent and management attention on retirement, asset management and select protection businesses where we are best positioned to compete and scale.

We've taken an important step forward on our first priority, narrowing our geographic footprint. We recently announced the sale of Prudential of Brazil and Prudential of Mexico to CNP Assurances for $4.025 billion. We also closed the sales of our insurance businesses in Indonesia and Kenya and announced the sale of our South Africa business. Together, these actions are tangible proof of our strengthened execution and commitment to do what we say.

As I said in August, a smaller footprint is not the objective. It is the enabler. We are creating the capacity to invest in the businesses where we could scale and lead, Global Asset Management, Global Retirement and select Protection businesses. We intend to rotate capital in a deliberate, sequenced way into each. Every opportunity is being measured against its strategic fit, return profile and contribution to earnings and free cash flow growth. The bar is high. The discipline we are demonstrating in selling businesses will be matched by the discipline we bring to deploying capital.

With that, let me turn to the quarter. After-tax adjusted operating income was $1.3 billion or $3.77 per share compared with $1.4 billion or $4.05 per share in the prior year quarter. Year-to-date adjusted operating return on average equity was 14.5%, in line with the prior year period. Lower earnings in Japan more than offset solid fundamentals in PGIM and our U.S. businesses. While the Prudential of Japan, or POJ, sale suspension was a headwind, our broader Japan platform continued to demonstrate resilience.

Now for the highlights of our segment results. PGIM AOI increased solidly year-over-year, driven by higher asset management fees and additional progress in the integration of its investment platform. The earnings profile of this business continues to steadily improve as expected, despite persistent macro pressure on the fixed income and real estate sectors, which account for nearly three-quarters of PGIM's assets under management. We sustained solid momentum in private assets with fundraising up 10% year-over-year, led by direct lending and real estate debt, which made up nearly 70% of the private capital raised this quarter.

While overall deployment was down slightly from the year-ago quarter as fundraising cycles create variability in quarter-over-quarter origination, asset-backed finance deployment increased nearly 30%. PGIM's third-party net flows were the highest in 10 quarters, totaling $9 billion with positive contributions from both institutional and retail clients. These results reflect the strength of our investment capabilities and client relationships. Public fixed income inflows were a key driver of that performance, while public equity outflows remained a challenge, consistent with the industry shift away from active equities. Affiliated net outflows of $1.6 billion were mainly driven by variable annuity runoff and the absence of PRT transactions in the quarter.

PGIM's $40 billion active ETF lineup continued to experience strong growth with more than $6 billion of net inflows in the third quarter. Our focus is on translating PGIM's scale into stronger growth and profitability while preserving the investment expertise that clients value. By expanding our private market offerings and integrating our capabilities more effectively, we are making asset management a larger, more strategic contributor to Prudential.

In our U.S. businesses, results reflect the focused actions we are taking to strengthen our competitive position. By expanding distribution, broadening our product offerings and investing in our capabilities, we are capturing more demand and improving the fundamentals of our retirement and insurance franchises. In retirement, we are seeing the value of product innovation backed by strong distribution. Retail annuity sales reached $3.9 billion, our highest quarterly level since 2013, including our highest RILA sales quarter ever, reflecting the continued success of the enhanced product we introduced late last year. These results demonstrate our ability to meet customer demand for protected accumulation while delivering on our strategy to maintain a disciplined approach to pricing and returns.

On the institutional side, PRT sales remained muted. Activity was quiet through the first 3 quarters of the year across the industry, but the pipeline has picked up. We closed 3 midsized transactions totaling approximately $1.6 billion in October and anticipate closing several additional transactions by the end of this year. We remain confident in the opportunity in the institutional retirement market, both in the U.S. and in Europe over the long term. We will pursue growth selectively, prioritizing value over volume while remaining a leader in this market. Our consortium partnership with Standard Life, announced in August, expands our access to the large U.K. retirement market and complements our longevity reinsurance and U.S. pension risk transfer capabilities.

Group Insurance delivered solid quarterly earnings growth, underscoring sustained momentum in this business. This result was driven by strong underwriting in our National Account Life business, reflecting continued favorable mortality experience. While our overall benefit ratio improved year-over-year on strong performance in Group Life, this quarter's disability results reflected an uncertain macroeconomic environment. That said, we are confident in the fundamentals of this business as a key driver of earnings and free cash flow growth. Year-to-date sales increased 23%, driven by growth in our premier middle market segment, particularly in supplemental health products. Our brand and distribution partnerships position us well for further growth as we pair disciplined underwriting with consistent delivery for employers.

Individual Life also delivered strong earnings growth, reflecting the actions we have taken to strengthen our leadership position through product portfolio diversification, distribution expansion and a focus on profitable growth. Record sales of our Custom Premier II variable universal life product reflects the success of our shift toward accumulation-focused offerings. Overall sales of $230 million were lower year-over-year, reflecting normal quarter-to-quarter variation. The quality and profitability of new business remains strong as we continue to reshape the portfolio toward more profitable, capital-efficient business.

Now turning to our Japan businesses. Quarterly earnings declined 25% year-over-year, primarily attributable to the $140 million impact of the sale suspension in the quarter and lower alternative investment income. Year-to-date, earnings were down 10%, but the business remained resilient, supported by a diversified platform. Third-party sales were strong, particularly in the independent agent channel, which experienced a 53% year-over-year increase. We have top 10 businesses in both the independent agent and bank channels. And it's important to note that the FSA sales suspension orders do not apply to these third-party channels. We have launched several additional retirement and savings products into the independent agent channel and expanded the number of agencies selling these products by threefold over the last 12 months.

In the bank channel, our new product launches are expanding our shelf space with Japan's major national banks. We are building on that presence and our product competitiveness to further expand into the major securities firms and larger regional banks. In POJ, we continue to make good progress on the reforms identified by the FSA in its sales suspension order, and we remain committed to implementing the changes to strengthen the way we conduct business in Japan. Our objective is not simply to restart sales, but to build a business model that sustains customer trust and supports responsible growth. Our priority is to complete this work and demonstrate that our new governance and oversight frameworks are effective in practice. We expect that POJ will be positioned to return to the market in phases beginning on February 1 with strong oversight, clear accountability and customer outcomes at the center of how it operates.

We are also applying the relevant lessons from the POJ experience over the past year to the Gibraltar business and expect that Gibraltar will also return to the market on February 1, as we previously discussed. The organizational and operational changes we are making, as outlined on our October 9 call, are meaningful and enduring. We are confident that they will position our businesses in Japan to serve customers more effectively, operate with greater accountability and create long-term value. We remain convinced that we will exit this period with a strong franchise built for the long-term opportunity.

In closing, we are making tangible progress on the priorities we set out in August. We are reshaping our portfolio, investing in the businesses where we have the strongest opportunities to grow and building a more efficient operating model. There is more work ahead and the full benefits will take time to materialize. But we are clear on where we will compete, how we will allocate capital and how we will deliver superior shareholder value. The progress we made this quarter strengthens our conviction in both our strategy and in our ability to build a more focused, higher-performing Prudential over time.

With that, let me turn the call over to Yanela.

Yanela del Frias

Thank you, Andy, and good morning, everyone. Our third quarter results reflected solid underlying business performance and disciplined execution as we continue to simplify the portfolio, improve earnings quality and deploy capital with discipline. As Andy noted, we reported after-tax adjusted operating income of $1.3 billion or $3.77 per share compared to $1.4 billion or $4.05 per share in the year ago quarter. Year-over-year, higher spread income and favorable underwriting results in our U.S. businesses as well as higher asset management fees at PGIM were key contributors to this performance. These increases were more than offset by the impact of the sale suspension in Prudential of Japan, or POJ, and higher variable expenses to support growth in our U.S. businesses.

Excluding the costs related to the POJ sale suspension, underlying operating expenses for the quarter and year-to-date were lower than in the prior year periods. We have improved operating leverage through expense discipline while continuing to invest in capabilities that support business growth and improve the customer experience. Year-to-date, we are ahead of target on realizing our previously communicated $150 million in pretax run rate benefits in 2027.

Now turning to our third quarter results by business. PGIM reported pretax adjusted operating income of $263 million, up 8% year-over-year. The pretax adjusted operating margin was 26.5%, expanding by 280 basis points. These results were driven by higher asset management fees, equity market appreciation and strong investment performance as well as lower expenses. The lower expenses reflected the absence of a reorganization charge in the prior year quarter as well as savings from the ongoing integration of PGIM's operating platform.

Offsetting these positives were lower other related revenues, primarily driven by reduced earnings from certain seed investments and weaker agency earnings due to the higher rate environment. PGIM's year-to-date margin was 24.6%. Excluding the reorganization charge, this represents a 240 basis point increase over the prior year period, ahead of PGIM's target of at least 200 basis points of margin expansion in 2026. Our U.S. businesses generated pretax adjusted operating income of $1.2 billion, essentially in line with the year ago quarter.

Our retirement businesses reported pretax adjusted operating income of $620 million, down modestly year-over-year. Higher spread income, driven primarily by strong retail annuity growth, higher prepays and higher alternative investment income, was offset by the impact of PRT runoff. Results also reflected less favorable mortality as well as lower encaje earnings in our Habitat business, now part of Retirement, due to higher interest rates. Expenses increased compared to the prior year quarter, primarily driven by higher variable expenses related to continued business growth.

Net account values were $364 billion at quarter end, up modestly year-over-year. Retail annuity account values rose 25% to $68 billion, supported by $14 billion in sales over the last 12 months, reflecting the strength of our diverse product portfolio. As Andy highlighted, year-to-date institutional volumes reflect the episodic nature of pension and longevity risk transfer with limited transactions industry-wide. However, momentum has picked up in the fourth quarter, and we have multiple transactions scheduled to close by year-end. We remain disciplined on pricing and focused on writing business that meets our return objectives.

Group Insurance delivered pretax adjusted operating income of $101 million, up 12% year-over-year, driven primarily by higher underwriting results. Life underwriting results reflect a more favorable mortality in the working-age population, while earnings also benefited from continued growth in our supplemental health offering as we further expand in these markets. Operating expenses were also higher as we made additional investments in our claims and service organizations to support growth, improve efficiency and enhance operating leverage.

Our overall benefit ratio of 81% was below our target range, reflecting strong life results and the strategic actions we are taking to diversify our business mix by segment and product. However, our disability benefit ratio rose year-over-year due to elevated short- and long-term disability incidence and severity amid ongoing macro uncertainty. While disability incidence remains elevated, we are actively managing through the environment with disciplined claims execution and strong risk management. Over the past several years, we have made meaningful investments to enhance our claims organization, which have increased our ability to effectively manage higher claim volumes and support better outcomes for our customers.

Individual Life reported pretax adjusted operating income of $199 million compared to $153 million in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year increase primarily reflected more favorable underwriting results, driven by a reserve refinement of about $30 million in the current quarter and increased spread income reflecting higher new money yields due to higher rates. The evolution of the Individual Life business over the last several years has fundamentally reshaped its financial profile, delivering stronger, more consistent underlying earnings growth, higher cash flow and greater capital efficiency.

Our U.S. Legacy Products segment generated pretax adjusted operating income of $253 million compared to $308 million a year-ago. This decrease primarily reflected lower net fee income from ongoing runoff of the variable annuity block, partially offset by equity market appreciation and less favorable underwriting results in the GUL block. Now turning to our Japan businesses. As a reminder, last month, we restated our international results, moving emerging markets to divested businesses and therefore, outside of AOI, our Habitat joint venture to retirement and presenting Japan on a stand-alone basis.

Our Japan businesses reported pretax adjusted operating income of $559 million compared to $750 million in the year ago quarter. Strong underlying business fundamentals were more than offset by the expenses and lower underwriting results related to the POJ sale suspension as well as lower alternative investment income. The sale suspension reduced third quarter adjusted operating income by approximately $140 million, bringing the year-to-date impact to approximately $375 million, in line with our expectations. We continue to expect a full year 2026 impact of approximately $500 million for POJ and $100 million for GIB.

Sales were $291 million, down 36% year-over-year due to the POJ sale suspension, but up 11% sequentially, driven by strong third-party distribution. This underscores the underlying strength of the franchise and the value of our diversified distribution model. Retirement and savings products remained a meaningful contributor to sales.

Now let me turn to capital, ESR and cash flows. Our strong capital position and regulatory capital ratios support our AA financial strength ratings and provide flexibility to invest in and grow our core businesses. We ended the quarter with $4 billion of cash and highly liquid assets, well above our $3 billion minimum liquidity target as well as substantial off-balance sheet resources.

Our Japan businesses remain well capitalized and are managed to levels aligned with our AA objective. Later this month, Prudential Holdings of Japan will report a consolidated ESR ratio as of September 30 of approximately 200%, well above our 150% operating target. We do not expect the sale suspension to materially affect capital, ESR or cash flows in 2026 or 2027.

We continue to take actions that support disciplined capital deployment. We intend to deploy the expected proceeds from the sales of our Brazil and Mexico businesses into targeted acquisitions that advance our growth strategy. We do not expect the receipt of the proceeds to change our total capital deployment plans, which we will announce with our fourth quarter earnings in February of next year. Before closing, an update on tax guidance. We now expect a full year effective tax rate of 20% to 21%, down from 21% to 22%, primarily due to moving emerging markets into divested businesses.

In closing, we delivered another solid quarter, supported by strong underlying earnings momentum, business growth and expense discipline. At the same time, we continue to address the sales suspension in Japan with urgency and transparency and a strong commitment to reform. We are building a simpler, more focused company with higher quality earnings, greater capital flexibility and a stronger foundation for long-term growth. This, coupled with consistent execution, is the path to sustained value creation.

With that, let me now turn the call over to the operator for Q&A.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our first question today is coming from Tom Gallagher from Evercore ISI.

分析師問答

Thomas Gallagher

The first question I had is, I know, just related to the LatAm sale, the $4 billion. I know you mentioned the sale price. Can you talk about what the after-tax proceeds are expected to be?

Yanela del Frias

Yes. Tom, well, first of all, let me start by saying that we're very pleased with the economics from the sale of Brazil and Mexico with the consideration being a total of $4.025 billion, clearly north of $3 billion. The net proceeds will reflect taxes, transaction fees and closing costs. So we expect that value to be approximately $3.1 billion. And the majority of the difference there is taxes. We will be -- we expect to close in the second half of next year, and we will confirm the net proceeds at that time.

Thomas Gallagher

Got you. So my follow-up is, Andy, I heard you say, I think asset management and selected benefits businesses are potential focus for M&A. Are you leaning in one direction or the other? And should we assume in terms of M&A that you probably need to close on this deal first? Or would you potentially look to do something sooner?

Andrew Sullivan

Yes. So Tom, let me start by reiterating some of the comments I made in my opening. We're pursuing a deliberate sequenced capital rotation strategy. So that means step one in the sequence is divesting our emerging market businesses as an important source of capital. Obviously, what we're looking to do there, our goals were to have clean exits and to be well paid for the value of the franchises. And I think you can see that we're making great progress.

As far as your question about leaning, we are not leaning in a particular direction. As we look to deploy the capital, we're widening our aperture. And I think that those would be the key words across PGIM, group insurance and select opportunities for retirement in Europe. As we're doing that, we're ensuring that we're thinking very creatively on a wide range of possible deal structures. And you've heard me use these words before, make sure we're in the know and in the flow. We believe strongly the best deals happen principal-to-principal that we don't rely on investment banking auctions.

So the reason I say widening the aperture, M&A is always a low probability endeavor. So you need to have a wide aperture and look at many, many things to make sure that what you do is good and strong for the shareholder. I'll reiterate, we have a high bar. Every opportunity, we're measuring against our strategy to make sure it has good strategic fit, make sure it has good return profile and is a strong contributor over time to earnings and free cash flow growth. So we are certainly looking in asset management and looking at a wide range of opportunities and in group insurance to keep accelerating our strategy.

I would not think of this, even though we're pursuing a deliberate sequenced rotation, I wouldn't take that literally like we're going to finish one and start the other. We are working on both the divestitures and the acquisitions at the same time. A lot of my time and my senior team's time is actually spent out and about principal-to-principal. So we have been working on this at the same time. But what you should expect from us is we're going to be patient, we're going to be persistent, and we're going to be disciplined because that's what's required when you're looking at the acquisition side. And we're confident that we'll be able to successfully redeploy this capital in a manner that's going to produce a good shareholder result.

Operator

Our next question is coming from Joel Hurwitz from Dowling & Partners.

Joel Hurwitz

Maybe start with Japan. Can you just provide some color on how surrenders have trended versus expectations over the past month since the FSA order?

Yanela del Frias

Joel, so first of all, I would say surrenders through the year have been a little bit lower than what we originally estimated. We had a spike early in April when we announced the suspension, but then they moderated down. We did see an uptick of surrenders following the October announcement, but that has also reverted back to normal levels. So we expected this increase. It was part of our estimates. And what I would say is through the end of the year, we expect that to be consistent with what's built into our estimates.

Joel Hurwitz

Got it. That's helpful. And then can you just talk about corporate losses, right? It's consistently better than sort of the expectations that you've put out there. Just what are the drivers? And what should we expect for losses like a loss run rate running forward?

Yanela del Frias

Yes. So we do continue to project the full year 2026 loss at $1.55 billion. I know we've -- there's a number of moving pieces with the emerging markets restatement and some timing of expenses. So I would highlight a couple of things. The impact of the emerging markets restatement, which reduced the loss because we removed -- increased the loss, excuse me, because we removed some earnings, was largely offset by expense saves. So you heard in my prepared remarks that we are ahead of target with our expense saves, the original $150 million commitment. So that's coming through within the businesses and in corporate. And then the offset to that is that we do expect higher losses and higher expenses in the fourth quarter in corporate. That is due to higher benefit expenses, higher brand spend in the fourth quarter, and there is some timing of initiative spend from earlier in the year that got pushed to the fourth quarter.

Operator

Our next question today is coming from Ryan Krueger from KBW.

Ryan Krueger

I guess, Andy, maybe following up on the M&A discussion. Just as you are out there talking and looking for things, like how would you characterize the overall M&A environment in terms of opportunities in the areas that you're targeting?

Andrew Sullivan

Yes. Thanks, Ryan. Well, maybe let me start with that last part of your question. There are many opportunities in the marketplace. So we're not for a lack of things to look at and conversations to have. And that's not surprising. Look, when you talk about asset management and when you talk about group insurance, these are very attractive spaces. They're capital-light cash flow generative type businesses that people want to continue to grow and add on to and people want to be in. So it is competitive for these assets. Both these industries, scale matters more than ever, and I think that's clear.

But I think the most important thing is we have a lot to offer counterparties as Prudential. Our capabilities, our size, our scale, our breadth is highly attractive to many of the counterparties that we talk to. If you think about the asset management business, first and foremost, we have $1.5 trillion asset manager that is well diversified with nearly $300 billion in private alternatives. That's an attractive platform in and of itself. But when you couple that with our liability generation capability and our balance sheet, what we see is counterparties want to talk to us.

Similarly, in the group insurance business, we're one of the biggest out there in national account life and disability. So counterparties look and say that they could see where you could produce real synergies. So I would just frame it as it is a competitive M&A environment, but there are a multitude of opportunities, and we think that we have very special characteristics and capabilities that make us highly attractive to counterparties.

Ryan Krueger

And then any color you can provide, Yanela, just on the improvement in ESR from, I think it was up about 20 points, I guess, at the midpoint of your guidance from last quarter.

Yanela del Frias

Yes, Ryan. So a couple of things there. As you know, we manage ESR to a cushion above our 150% operating target, and that cushion is meant to support volatility that has absorbed some of the volatility we've seen around rates and yen. So it has worked as intended. In addition, we continue to execute actions to manage ESR and help offset the headwinds that we see. And the last item I would highlight is that we did refine some of the assumptions used in the ESR calculation, which when you combine that with the natural buildup of earnings did also drive the ESR slightly higher.

Operator

Our next question today is coming from Suneet Kamath from Jefferies.

Suneet Kamath

So first, Andy, on the capital rotation, you gave us a lot of aspirational goals in terms of what you want Prudential to look like post the strategic moves that you're planning on making. Is $3 billion of dry powder enough to kind of get you where you need to be to hit some of those targets? Or is this part of an even bigger capital deployment opportunity that you'll need in order to achieve those targets?

Andrew Sullivan

Yes. So Suneet, thanks for the question. So what I would -- where I'd start on that is remember when we put out these targets that this is a longer-term aspiration, and you should be thinking over a period of 5 years. So I would certainly not think that, I would not say $3 billion, oh, that is what the company has as far as firepower to redeploy. And I also wouldn't necessarily draw the conclusion that this is a one-step type capital rotation. There are a multitude of capabilities that we're looking to get into our asset manager and into our group insurance business.

We may or may not find that in one counterparty. So I would expect that this will be a multistep journey and that we will rotate capital over that 5-year period and do not draw the conclusion that, that means $3 billion. The other thing I would say is this is also about organic growth. We have incredible organic growth opportunities across all of our chosen businesses. We're already, in many of them, category leaders. And in others, we're not that far away from getting to category leadership.

So I think we've talked about in the past, but we would expect, as an example, in Asset Management, we said we want to go from 12% of earnings to 25%. At least half of that journey, we see line of sight to from an organic growth perspective. So I think it's really important that we don't lose focus on the organic growth potential of the company with this capital rotation strategy. It's about both.

Suneet Kamath

Okay. That makes sense. And then I guess just drilling into the annuity business, I think your sales were up maybe 15% year-over-year. I haven't seen the industry data, but my guess is you probably gained some share. If that's the case, what would you attribute that to? And then separately or relatedly, are you seeing anything in terms of features or offerings in the market that give you a little bit of pause? When we hear these annuity guys get aggressive in terms of sales, sometimes there's a downside to it in terms of more aggressive features and feature creep, that kind of thing. So any thoughts there would be helpful.

Andrew Sullivan

Yes, Suneet, maybe let me just give you some overall thoughts, and then I'll answer your specific questions. So first and foremost, the individual annuities market continues to just be incredibly strong and growing. This is -- the market, again, is going to be over $120 billion this quarter. That's the 12th consecutive quarter it's been above $100 billion. We expect that the market will just continue to grow. It's a $500 billion market as we sit here today. The aging of society that needs protected income, the trillions of dollars of retirement that are in motion.

So we're executing in this business against the backdrop of a market that has incredible tailwinds. As far as why we're being so successful, it really gets to our strengths and our capabilities. We have a broad all-weather product portfolio across RILA and across fixed annuities. We have incredible distribution that's very expansive, but that we're adding to as we've entered the IMO space. And then we feel very strongly that we have a brand that's second to none. So we sell on our value prop in that space.

I see just continued growth for us as we look ahead. As for any particular product features that might give me pause. I've got to be very upfront about this. We focus on us. We focus on making sure that we put product into the market that provides great consumer value and a great return for the shareholder. We've been an innovation leader. You've seen us do that with FlexGuard and FlexGuard 2.0. So really nothing specific I'd point to that gives me pause in the marketplace.

Operator

Our next question is coming from Pablo Singzon from JPMorgan.

Pablo Singzon

For PGIM, it sounds like you're making good progress in your ETF offering, which is helping offset outflows in active strategies. Do you see the mix shift there being meaningful enough to weigh on your overall fee rate? And I also recognize you're growing private assets. And I guess tied with that, if you could also discuss your aspiration to improve margins in that business to, I think you had said before, 30% over time. You made good progress so far in '26, but any sort of indications on what the path might look like from here?

Andrew Sullivan

Yes, Pablo, thanks. A lot in there, so let me dissect it. Let me start with your question about active ETFs and what's going on in the equity side. Our active ETF platform continues to be a very important area of growth for us. And we've shown great success both in the quarter and year-to-date. The fact is we've doubled our assets under management. We're now over $40 billion on that ETF platform because we keep innovating from a product perspective and now have over 70 ETFs on the platform. So what you're seeing from us in the ETF space is we continue to move up the league tables. We're now #10 in flows and #10 in assets under management overall. We expect that to continue.

I would not, if you step back, we're $1.5 trillion asset manager. It takes time to move your average fee rate. So you should expect to see that move over years, not over quarters. That doesn't mean that it's not meaningful because you change that fee rate by a couple of bps over $1.5 trillion, it makes a big difference. But you shouldn't be looking quarter-to-quarter on that. As far as margins, we have a very intentional strategy to expand our margin to 30% over the multiyear and over the longer period of time to go north of 30%. We are very pleased with what we're showing in PGIM from a margin perspective.

As Yanela noted in her remarks, we're well on track to exceed our, the expectation we set to improve margins 200 bps year-over-year. And we expect that, that's going to continue, first and foremost, because we expect, over time, the fixed income and real estate market will improve. That has been delayed by the macro environment up to this point. Second, we are absolutely seeing positive organic traction in higher fee, higher-margin products like direct lending, asset-backed finance, and as we mentioned, ETFs. And finally, and we're very proud of this, we have a laser focus on expense management, and we are ahead of our commitments overall, and we are also ahead of our commitments in our asset management business. So over time, while that margin might fluctuate quarter-to-quarter, we feel very confident in marching it to 30% and then over a longer time frame, marching it north of there.

Pablo Singzon

And then my second question for Yanela, perhaps a simpler question. How much were Habitat earnings this quarter? And what is the typical earnings contribution for Habitat on a quarterly basis?

Yanela del Frias

Yes. So Pablo, the quarterly run rate for Habitat is $25 million a quarter. So you can think about that as the expected earnings. Now there is some volatility in the encaje earnings. And this quarter, we had a negative impact of that of about $6 million. And so that's what you see there. Last quarter, last year, third quarter, we had a positive of $10 million. So there was a flip of $16 million in encaje, but the expected earnings are $25 million per quarter.

Operator

Our next question today is coming from Wes Carmichael from Wells Fargo.

Wesley Carmichael

Just on the Retirement segment again, but it is just on earnings. It looked like spread increased pretty materially sequentially. So I'm just wondering, was there any prepayment or onetime income that helped spread in the quarter? Or do you, I guess, said differently, I think the $615 million pretax is implied by the slides is a good run rate going forward?

Yanela del Frias

Wes, so yes, we had a nice healthy increase in quarter-over-quarter core earnings. And the majority of that is the benefit of growth in the business, right? We've had very healthy retail annuities sales, and that is driving the growth. We did have slightly higher prepayment income this quarter versus last quarter. So in second quarter '26, we had $22 million of prepays in retirement. This quarter, we had $30 million. So quarter-over-quarter, an $8 million variance. If you strip that out, that still shows a quarter-over-quarter growth of $20 million in core earnings. But the $615 million does have $30 million of prepays.

Wesley Carmichael

Got it. That's helpful. And just a separate topic, but back to capital management. Just curious, Andy, as you've had a little more time at the helm, do you think that roughly $2 billion of capital allocated to the common dividend with a flattish buyback is kind of the right strategy going forward? And I guess as you're rotating capital in the business, I just wanted to get your updated thoughts around uses of capital on a go-forward basis.

Yanela del Frias

Yes. Wes, let me start and Andy could add. I think we have had a very consistent philosophy around capital deployment and capital management. It starts with maintaining our AA strength and strengthening the balance sheet, investing in our organic growth in the business and then the deployment to the buyback and to dividends. That total deployment plan has not changed. It will not change with the strategy. We obviously will be looking at and we always look at balancing growth and returns, and that won't change. So we do not expect the total capital deployment plans to change as a result of the capital rotation.

Andrew Sullivan

Yes. I mean the only thing I would add, Wes, is that priority order is important. And I think as you've heard us say before, we've raised the bar on capital deployment expectations, the return levels that we're achieving and expecting inside the company. But we've also been very pleased that given the strength of our franchise, we're able to achieve those levels, and we are seeing very healthy organic opportunities across the business set. So that order of priority is important as we look at how do we want to grow the company and what organic things do we want to deploy capital into.

Operator

Our next question is coming from Jack Matten from BMO Capital Markets.

Francis Matten

First one on group disability. Can you unpack the drivers of the benefit ratio increase this quarter? One of your peers cited a material uptick in behavioral health-related claims incidence. I'm curious about the driver for you? Or were there other underlying drivers you would point to?

Andrew Sullivan

Yes, Jack. Thanks. We experienced a slight increase in our disability benefit ratio this quarter versus a year ago. The primary driver of the year-over-year increase is higher incidence and severity in both short-term disability and long-term disability. And we are aware of what some others have said. And in a similar way, we are seeing higher behavioral health claims, and we are seeing higher claims from high-wage earners. Importantly, this is across most of the sectors that we have business in. So it's not any specific sector or any specific case type.

I would remind you, though, that the way we view this, we went through a few years as an industry post-COVID of what we would call abnormally low claims or abnormally strong experience. So it's not surprising to see somewhat of a reversion to the mean. The other thing I would point out is the macro environment is leading to what I would term employment insecurity. This may or may not be a traditional cycle. It may be something more structural given the shift with AI and job losses. We'll stay all over that.

What's really important is we focus on controlling what we can control. First, ensuring that we have extreme discipline in pricing and underwriting. And where we are seeing higher experience, we are putting rate into the book. Second, and I've been consistent on this all the time, investing in our claims operation as a risk management operation. That investment is paying off. And you saw we had very strong resolutions this quarter. We had the best resolutions in over 2 years. So while we have a cautious outlook about incidence and severity looking forward, we know that we have the discipline and the capabilities to navigate the environment as it comes.

Francis Matten

That's helpful. And then regarding the strong growth in third-party sales in Japan, I'm just curious how the return profile or the product profile of the business you sell through those channels compares to what you sell through your captive distribution? And would you expect to continue to see stronger growth in those channels even after the sales suspension ends?

Yanela del Frias

Yes. Jack, I would say we're very pleased with the growth in that independent channel. I think it does demonstrate our diverse business there and distribution. And in terms of profitability, we are very comfortable with the profitability of those products, and they are well in excess of our cost of capital as intended.

Andrew Sullivan

So Jack, I would add, when we talk about we expect to emerge from the issues in Japan a stronger company. There's reasons behind why we say that. And this third-party channel success, I think, is a big reason. First, the market opportunity in Japan for retirement and savings products is very, very strong and is a high-growth area. The third-party channels are higher growth channels versus the captive channels. So we see great potential to continue to growing in both independent agency and bank channel.

What we saw this quarter, a 9% overall growth year-over-year in the third-party channels and 53% in independent agencies. What we're seeing is institutions candidly vote with their feet and give us a vote of confidence. So we've expanded the number of agencies that we work with, and we've expanded the shelf space that we have with the banks that we do business with in Japan. That is because they know that we're a high-quality organization with a great product portfolio that always follows through and is why we believe that our brand will be stronger at the end of the day and why we feel so strongly about our resilience.

Operator

Our next question today is coming from Tracy Benguigui from Wolfe Research.

Tracy Benguigui

A lot of my questions have been asked, so I'm going to ask some follow-ups. First, on the behavioral LTD submissions. I'm just curious, what's the typical duration on behavioral claims in terms of years? Is it like 2 years? And how deep is your in-house behavioral expertise to manage these claims? Is it to the same rigor as physical disability claims?

Andrew Sullivan

So Tracy, let me take the second part and then the first part. And I'll start with the word, absolutely. We have a very, very strong and deep and broad claims capability. That includes specialists in a number of areas, behavioral specialists, voc specialists, physical therapists, nurses, doctors. So while the incidence on these types of claims is up, these are claims that we've managed for decades given how long we've been in this business and have everything that we need to be able to manage those types of claims. And it does tie to why we're seeing success on the resolution side.

As far as the duration of the claim, the reality is duration of claim is very individual specific and is much more tied to the presence or lack of presence of comorbidities and comorbid conditions. So I wouldn't provide any data around the specific -- duration of a specific claim type. And I also would be careful to draw any conclusions around that. The punchline is, though, we have strong capabilities to manage the claims and to help all of these individuals get back to productive work.

Tracy Benguigui

Okay. Another follow-up. It's good to see the ESR at 200%. I'm curious how many points of that would you attribute to the refinements to the ESR calculation assumptions that you mentioned? Also, how much of the improvement came from sales suspension at POJ? Is it fair to say that with less new business means less capital strain?

Yanela del Frias

Yes, Tracy. So first of all, we don't do that, we don't provide that detailed attribution to ESR. There are a number of moving pieces, the earnings buildup, et cetera. So obviously, it's gone in the right direction. How we manage ESR is working as intended. So I would leave it at that. In terms of the suspension, no, that's not really driving too much of the increase in ESR. Obviously, we have lower earnings, which because of the suspension, including the expenses that we're incurring to sustain the business and that those 2 things kind of offset.

Operator

Our next question today is coming from Wilma Burdis from Raymond James.

Wilma Jackson Burdis

Retail annuity sales have been particularly strong this quarter, but retirement operating earnings have declined year-over-year. Can you just walk us through what primarily drove this?

Yanela del Frias

Wilma, yes. So year-over-year, we did have a decline. We are obviously still seeing the impact of business growth, net of related sales expenses, mainly that increase in annuities, but that has been partially offset by 2 things. The runoff of PRT, it has been a slower year in general in the industry, although as we said, we had strong October results. So we have the runoff of PRT, and we also have seen less favorable underwriting mortality in retirement as well.

Wilma Jackson Burdis

Okay. Great. And then how much of the recent fundraising momentum in PGIM is coming from higher fee private asset strategies versus traditional fixed income products? And what are the implications for the segment's margin outlook?

Andrew Sullivan

Thanks, Wilma. So let me just start by talking about how pleased we are with the flows that we are seeing in PGIM. Our total net flows improved again this quarter. This is the third quarter in a row that total flows have improved in a very good trajectory with the predominance of this, given the softness of the PRT market this year coming from third-party assets that are flowing into the business. As you look at the $9 billion in third-party flows that came in, it was both on the institutional and retail client side. So we're seeing success on both.

The majority of those assets are public credit assets. You are correct that some of the flows are private credit. But the way that works is we fundraise and then when we call the capital, that's when the private credit shows up in the business. That is becoming a stronger, more important part of our business over time. As I mentioned, we have a private alts business now that's approaching $300 billion. That is higher fee and higher margin. It is part of what is strengthening our average fee rate, but I'll go back to the comments I made earlier that, that will be a change that occurs over a few years as we march the margin towards 30% and north of 30%. But that is absolutely core to the strategy and is playing through.

Operator

Our next question is coming from Yaron Kinar from Mizuho Securities.

Yaron Kinar

I want to start with the PRT pipeline and the U.K. partnership. It just seems like year-to-date, the deal flow has been quite modest. And even with the pickup in the fourth quarter, should we expect maybe increased competition just given that year-to-date numbers have been so low? And if so, do you expect the returns and the profile and the economics of these deals to show some increased competition?

Andrew Sullivan

Thanks, Yaron. So year-to-date industry volumes, as I just said, have been softer, with no jumbos through the end of 3Q, and I'm speaking there up through 3Q. That reduced activity really was driven by the economic and geopolitical uncertainty. CEOs and CFO decision-makers slowed up, for lack of a better term. But as we often see, the pipeline has picked up for 4Q. And as I said in my opening remarks, we closed 3 midsized transactions and anticipate closing more deals in 4Q, expecting to have a strong 4Q.

As far as competition, this is a marketplace. I would frame it, it's not different today than it was 12 months ago or 24 months ago. Over the last 5 years, it has become a more competitive market with multiple entrants coming into the space and more and more people trying to go upmarket into the jumbo space. So it's not more competitive. It's the same. We're well positioned. Candidly, we're a category leader here. We've done most of the large deals in the space over the last 10 to 15 years, and that's because of the strength of our underwriting, the strength of our asset management and our distribution.

We're achieving the returns that we want to achieve. We're quite pleased. We always will stay disciplined. We're about value over volume. And we've been able to achieve on all the deals we've done this year, returns in excess of our expectations. So if the market does get more competitive and returns don't make sense, we won't do the deals.

Yaron Kinar

And then my second question is just around the PGIM AUM. Is there any AUM that's attributable to the soon to be disposed of Brazil and Mexico businesses? And if so, what would the impact be on AUM and on fees at PGIM?

Andrew Sullivan

Yaron, PGIM does not manage any assets for Brazil or Mexico. So there is no impact to PGIM.

Operator

Our next question is coming from Alex Scott from Barclays.

Taylor Scott

So I wanted to ask about Japan and just the reinsurance. I think there were some comments made intra-quarter about 70% of the business being reinsured now to, I think, some combination of Bermuda and PICA. And I just want to understand how that's trended over the last year or 2. And I think it may have increased quite materially if it did. What's happened to the freed up capital in Japan? I mean is that just sort of in that higher ESR? Did you, were you able to dividend any of that up in 3Q? I think 3Q is the normal cadence of dividends. So I'd just be interested if you could opine on all that.

Yanela del Frias

Alex, so yes, let me start with sort of how we think about reinsurance and use reinsurance. So we use reinsurance, especially this internal reinsurance to manage reserves and capital in jurisdictions that best reflect the economics of the products. We have 2 captives in Bermuda. That is what we use them for. We've been reinsuring business out of Japan since 2019 for this reason. So this was well before ESR. So the 70% of Japan business being reinsured out of Japan is something that's accumulated since 2019.

Obviously, we have continued to use reinsurance and we will continue to use reinsurance to manage ESR volatility. But there's been no particular increase in reinsurance out of Japan over the last few quarters. We did announce a transaction in October with Prismic for USD 5 billion of whole life Japan product. That was actually out of Gibraltar. So that had already been managed within our internal captive framework, and that was just a transaction with Prismic for balance sheet optimization.

Andrew Sullivan

Alex, the reinsurance we've done in Bermuda since 2019, we were using the PICA entity before that.

Taylor Scott

Okay. So the 70% wasn't materially different going back a year ago.

Yanela del Frias

No, absolutely. It's been a long time.

Taylor Scott

Got it. Okay. And then just a follow-up. Are you able to answer all the question around the dividend because I think Japan usually sends up a dividend in 3Q. Is there something you could tell us about?

Yanela del Frias

Yes. No. I mean, obviously, timing of dividends varies between these operating companies. And what I would say is what we said consistently, the impact of the sales suspension will have -- the sales suspension will have no impact on cash flows or dividends out of the Japan businesses.

Operator

Our final question today is coming from Mike Ward from UBS.

Michael Ward

So maybe to spin off of that last one, just on the kind of the long-term implications for the Japan business. Definitely appreciate the improvement and the coming out of this stronger company in Japan. But just curious like if you can help us think about the margin profile in the out years and the change in the compensation structure and whatnot, if there's anything incremental you can share?

Yanela del Frias

Yes, Mike, let me start. I mean, we don't expect any material changes to the margin of the products that we sell. In terms of the earnings trajectory, a couple of things. As we previously shared, over 90% of the earnings in Japan come from the in-force. And we do continue to expect that roughly 15% reduction in the in-force due to the sale suspension. But I would also highlight that we have a higher rate environment, which drives earnings up as well as the strength in our retirement and savings sales and our other channels as we spoke about earlier in the call. So I think, obviously, the sales suspension has negative pressure on earnings, but we see higher rates and the opportunity in Japan through the diversified distribution and the strength of retirement and savings to be a tailwind against those headwinds.

Andrew Sullivan

And then, Mike, I would add, you had a comment in there about the compensation of Life Planners, Life Consultants. That's just a shift in how that compensation occurs. It's not compensating them more or compensating them less. It is just shifting it to be less compensation focused on new sales and more compensation focused on an additional number of elements like compliance orientation, like customer retention. And the pay stream will be over a longer time frame, much less in year 1 and pay out over a multitude of number of years, but it's not a higher level of compensation.

Michael Ward

I see. Andy, that's helpful. So it's not literally a shift from sort of variable comp to fixed. It's just kind of spreading out variable.

Andrew Sullivan

There's some of both because we're also implementing a higher base salary that is fixed cost. So it's both effects. But if you look in total, the dollars spent across the categories aren't expected to go up or down.

Michael Ward

Okay. The last one was just on data center finance. Curious about your activity in PGIM in that asset class, both like originating for third parties, but also your exposure on the general account.

Andrew Sullivan

Yes. So Mike, let me take PGIM first and then Yanela will talk about the general account. So this is a capability that we have in PGIM. If you think about both our private credit business and our real estate business, we have digital infrastructure funds and have done loans for data centers. So it has been an area of growth in our private alternatives business, where we, candidly, this isn't new for us. We've been in these businesses for a very long time and have seen some lift in the space. In the overall story of PGIM though, it's only a component of many different things we're doing to both accelerate the growth and expand the margin.

Yanela del Frias

Yes, Mike. And then in terms of the exposure, let me take sort of AI exposure in total because I know it's been an important topic. So we have a total of $7.2 billion of AI-related exposure in the general account that is less than 2% of the general account. 60% of that exposure is tied to hyperscaler credit with diversified revenue streams, and we believe that diversification is quite important. $3.1 billion of the exposure is data centers that are either backed by long-term investment-grade leases or diversified tenant pools with no specific construction risk, again, important, speculative construction risk. And then lastly, we have $1.1 billion of that $7.2 billion is GPU exposure backed by investment-grade leases.

Operator

We reached the end of our question-and-answer session. And ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude today's teleconference and webcast. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and have a wonderful day. We thank you for your participation today.