라이엇 플랫폼스(RIOT) 2026년 3분기 실적 발표회: 280억 달러 규모 코시카나 AI 임대 계약

핵심 요약

• 라이엇 플랫폼즈는 2026년 3분기 매출이 전년 동기 대비 1% 증가한 1억 8,100만 달러, GAAP 순이익 400만 달러, 희석 EPS 0.01달러, 조정 EBITDA 1억 9,100만 달러를 기록했다고 발표했습니다.
• 라이엇은 코시캐나 부지에서 910MW 규모를 대상으로 하는 15년 만기 트리플 넷(triple-net) 전력 공급 토지 임대차 계약을 체결했습니다. 경영진은 초기 계약 기간 동안 약 280억 달러, 5년 연장 옵션 2개를 모두 행사할 경우 540억 달러의 매출이 발생할 것으로 추정하고 있습니다.
• 라이엇은 AMD 및 선도적인 프론티어 AI 랩과의 3건의 임대 계약을 통해 1,151MW 전력 용량과 약 380억 달러 규모의 데이터 센터 매출을 확보했습니다. 경영진은 포트폴리오가 완전 가동될 경우 연평균 순운영소득(NOI)이 약 22억 달러에 달할 것으로 전망하고 있습니다.
• 이 회사는 현금 및 제한된 현금 7억 4,800만 달러와 비트코인 2억 200만 달러를 포함해 총 9억 5,000만 달러의 유동성으로 분기를 마감했습니다. 라이엇은 2억 달러 규모의 코인베이스 대출 시설을 상환했으며 비트코인 2,418개를 보유하고 있습니다.
• 경영진은 발표된 프로젝트들이 비소구권 프로젝트 파이낸싱 대출, 기존 유동성, 계약된 임대료를 통해 자금을 조달할 예정이라고 밝혔습니다. 라이엇은 2026년에 신주 발행을 통한 자금 조달을 진행하지 않았으며, 현재로서는 이러한 프로젝트 자금 조달을 위한 주식 발행을 예상하지 않고 있습니다.
• 이번 분기 동안 비트코인 채굴을 통해 1,637개의 비트코인을 생산했습니다. 2,500만 달러 규모의 전력 크레딧 덕분에 순전력 비용은 kWh당 0.032달러로, 감가상각비를 제외한 직접 채굴 비용은 비트코인당 39,265달러로 낮아졌습니다.

핵심 재무 데이터

순이익에는 감가상각비 1억 2,400만 달러, 주식 기반 보상비 2,100만 달러, 비현금 손상차손 1,800만 달러가 포함되었으며, 이는 비트코인 공정가치 평가이익 1억 7,200만 달러로 일부 상쇄되었습니다.

사업 및 운영 실적

코시캐나 AI 인프라 임대

코시캐나 계약은 전체 캠퍼스와 910MW 규모의 핵심 IT 용량을 대상으로 합니다. 라이엇은 토지, 전력 인프라 및 전력이 공급되는 패드를 제공합니다. 프론티어 AI 랩은 모듈형 컴퓨팅 장비를 조달, 소유 및 운영하는 한편 공공요금과 운영 비용을 부담하게 됩니다.

경영진은 총 프로젝트 자본을 약 55억 달러(IT MW당 600만 달러)로 추정하고 있습니다. 이는 부지 및 전기 인프라 지출 약 18억 달러와 각 단계별 임대료 발생 시작 후 지급되는 임차인 환급금 36억 달러로 구성됩니다.

라이엇은 초기 계약 기간 동안 연평균 임대료 및 NOI가 약 18억 달러에 달할 것으로 추정하고 있으며, NOI 마진은 99%에 가깝고 무부채 원가수익률은 약 33% 수준입니다. 이 수치들은 경영진 추정치이며 임차인 환급금에 대한 임대 회계 상각 처리 전 기준입니다.

배치는 3단계로 예정되어 있습니다. 2027년 9월 400MW, 2028년 1월 200MW, 2028년 7월 310MW입니다. 임대료는 가동률과 관계없이 인도된 용량에 대해 지불되며, 각 전력 패드 인도 후 60일 이내에 지급이 시작됩니다.

록데일 및 AMD

경영진은 프론티어 AI 랩과의 191MW 규모 록데일 임대 계약을 통해 초기 20년 계약 기간 동안 약 91억 달러의 매출이 발생할 것으로 예상합니다. 첫 96MW는 2027년 12월로 예정되어 있으며, 이어서 2028년 6월에 95MW가 인도될 예정입니다.

AMD의 초기 25MW는 2026년 5월에 시운전되었습니다. 총 AMD 용량은 2027년 5월에 50MW에 도달할 것으로 예상됩니다. AMD는 또한 추가 150MW에 대한 확장 옵션을 보유하고 있습니다.

경영진은 AMD의 옵션을 감안하더라도 록데일에 200MW에서 250MW의 추가 핵심 IT 용량이 임대 가능 상태로 남아 있는 것으로 추정합니다. 실적 발표 통화에서 추가 임대 계약이 발표되지는 않았으나, 회사는 기존 임차인들이 해당 용량을 흡수할 수 있을 것으로 기대하고 있습니다.

비트코인 채굴 및 엔지니어링

이번 분기 라이엇의 평균 운영 해시레이트는 36.2 EH/s로, 여름철 전력 감축 및 4CP 전력 프로그램 참여가 반영되었습니다. 이로 인해 발생한 2,500만 달러의 전력 크레딧은 채굴된 비트코인 1개당 15,067달러에 해당합니다.

엔지니어링 부문의 15% 매출총이익률은 E4A 솔루션즈에서의 대규모 저마진 케이블 조달 주문이 반영된 결과입니다. 경영진은 4분기 제품 조합이 개선되어 마진이 높아질 것으로 예상하고 있습니다. 라이엇은 엔지니어링 역량의 일부를 자체 데이터 센터 개발에 할당하고 있습니다.

경영진 전망

경영진은 계약된 용량이 본격적으로 가동됨에 따라 예상되는 임대 매출 증가 일정을 다음과 같이 제시했습니다.

라이엇은 계약된 1,151MW 전체가 2028년 7월까지 가동될 것으로 예상합니다. 경영진은 완전 구축 시 체결된 3건의 임대 계약을 통해 연평균 약 23억 달러의 매출과 22억 달러의 연평균 NOI가 창출될 것으로 추정합니다.

코시캐나 및 록데일 전체의 총 프로젝트 자본은 76억 달러에서 78억 달러로 추정됩니다. 라이엇은 80%~90%의 예시적 총사업비 대비 대출 비율(LTC)을 바탕으로, 약 61억 달러에서 70억 달러가 비소구권 프로젝트 대출로 조달될 것으로 예상합니다. 이에 따라 2028년 중반까지 필요한 자기자본 소요액은 8억 달러에서 15억 달러로 추정됩니다.

경영진은 단기 유동성 약 12억 달러와 코시캐나의 최종 단계 인도 전까지 부채 상환 전 계약된 임대료 약 9억 달러를 확보했다고 밝혔습니다. 회사는 이러한 자금원을 통해 주식 발행 없이도 예시적인 자기자본 소요액을 충당할 수 있을 것이라고 언급했습니다.

리스크 및 주요 점검 사항

• 프로젝트 파이낸싱은 여전히 시장 상황의 영향을 받습니다. 경영진은 금리 상승, 신용 스프레드 확대, 임차인 신용도·전력 확보 가능성·이행 실적에 대한 대출 기관의 심사 강화 등을 언급했습니다.
• 코시캐나의 기본 자금 조달 시나리오는 예시적인 80%~90%의 총사업비 대비 대출 비율(LTC)로 비소구권 대출을 조달하는 것을 전제로 합니다. 이와 유사한 자금 조달이 불가능할 경우, 임차인 환급금은 암묵적 금리 12%가 적용되는 임대료 크레딧을 통해 우선 조달될 예정입니다.
• 록데일의 MW당 예상 비용(1,100만~1,200만 달러)은 최고보증가격(GMP) 계약 범위를 벗어난 공사 범위, 부지 조건, 발주자 제공 장비, 관세, 자재 및 노무비 위험에 여전히 노출되어 있습니다.
• 라이엇은 데이터 센터 2단계를 준비함에 따라 2027년 여름 무렵 코시캐나의 비트코인 채굴 용량을 축소하기 시작할 것으로 예상합니다.
• 사업 이행 성과는 AMD, 록데일, 코시캐나 프로젝트를 예정대로, 제시된 자본 예산 범위 내에서 인도하느냐에 달려 있습니다.

애널리스트 Q&A 주요 내용

록데일 건설 비용: 경영진은 예산의 약 70%가 최고보증가격(GMP) 계약으로 충당될 것으로 예상한다고 밝혔습니다. 발주자 제공 장비 조달이 진행 중이며, 이는 MW당 1,100만~1,200만 달러라는 회사의 추정치를 뒷받침합니다. 임차인 요청 변경 사항은 임차인이 부담하게 되며, 계약에 포함되지 않은 일부 공사 범위 및 부지 리스크는 라이엇이 부담하게 됩니다.

코시캐나를 단일 임차인 구조로 진행한 이유: 라이엇은 단일 임차인 구조를 통해 운영의 복잡성과 임대 가능 용량의 손실을 방지할 수 있다고 설명했습니다. 또한 모듈형 설계를 통해 핵심 IT 용량이 기존 구상안인 756MW에서 910MW로 늘어났으며, 가동률에 상관없이 인도된 전체 용량에 대해 임대료가 지급됩니다.

기존 전력 승인 현황: 경영진은 록데일의 700MW 및 코시캐나의 1GW 전력 계통 연계가 이미 완전히 승인되어 수년간 운영되어 왔다고 말했습니다. 회사는 발표된 개발 사업과 관련해 추가 전력 승인이 필요하지 않을 것으로 보고 있습니다.

코시캐나 채굴 전환: 1단계 400MW 데이터 센터 구역 구축 시에는 라이엇이 기존 비트코인 채굴 용량을 중단할 필요가 없습니다. 다만 2단계 진입 전에는 채굴 운영을 줄여야 하며, 경영진은 이러한 축소가 2027년 여름에 시작될 수 있음을 시사했습니다.

실적 발표 전문

전체 실적 발표 컨퍼런스 콜 녹취록

경영진 발표

Operator

Hello, and welcome to Riot Platforms, Inc. Third Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] And as a reminder, this call is being recorded.

I would now like to turn the call over to Josh Kane, Head of Investor Relations. You may begin.

Joshua Kane

Thank you, operator. Good morning, and welcome to Riot Platforms' Third Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Josh Kane, Head of Investor Relations. And joining me on today's call from Riot are Jason Les, Chief Executive Officer; and Jason Chung, Chief Financial Officer.

On the Riot Investor Relations website, you can find our third quarter 2026 earnings press release and accompanying earnings presentation, which are intended to supplement today's prepared remarks and which include a discussion of certain non-GAAP items. Non-GAAP financial measures provided should not be considered as a substitute for or superior to the measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP and are included as additional clarifying items to aid investors in further understanding the company's third quarter 2026 performance. Lease revenue and net operating income figures for our Corsicana lease are management estimates presented before the amortization of tenant reimbursements, which under lease accounting will reduce reported lease revenue over the term. The basis of presentation is described in the footnotes to the presentation.

During today's call, we will be making forward-looking statements regarding potential future events. These statements are based on management's current expectations and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could materially differ due to factors discussed in today's earnings press release and comments and responses made during today's call and in the Risk Factors section of our Form 10-K and Forms 10-Q, including for the 3 months ended September 30, 2026, which will be filed later today as well as other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

With that, I'll turn the call over to Jason Les, CEO of Riot Platforms.

Jason Les

Thank you, Josh, and good morning, everyone. Today, we are very pleased to announce that Riot has signed the largest lease in our history, a 15-year triple-net powered land lease with a leading Frontier AI Lab for the entirety of our Corsicana campus, representing 910 megawatts of critical IT capacity. This announcement is the clearest demonstration yet of what Riot has become: a leading digital infrastructure developer serving leaders at the forefront of the AI ecosystem.

With this lease, Riot has now contracted 1,151 megawatts across 3 leases with AMD and a leading Frontier AI Lab, all signed this year, representing approximately $38 billion of contracted data center revenue or $72 billion if all extension options are exercised. Upon full deployment, we expect these leases to generate $2.2 billion of average annual net operating income at an unlevered yield on cost across our lease portfolio of approximately 28%.

Four accomplishments define where we stand today. First, at Corsicana, our lease with the Frontier AI Lab is expected to generate approximately $28 billion in total contract revenue over the 15-year initial term and approximately $54 billion if both 5-year extension options are exercised. I will spend most of my time today discussing this transaction because it does more than add scale, it fundamentally changes Riot's business profile. A year ago, our cash flow depended on the price of Bitcoin. And now at full deployment of currently executed deals, nearly all of our expected cash flow will be generated from long-term leases with leading players in the AI ecosystem. Further, the structure roughly halves our capital intensity versus a Tier 3 build, leaves the operating and technology risk with the tenant and has been designed with financing in mind.

Second, at Rockdale, our 191-megawatt Frontier AI Lab deployment is on schedule with construction and long lead procurement underway for delivery of the first phase in December 2027. We are finalizing credit support for the project debt financing with a high investment-grade counterparty and the Morgan Stanley interim facility is funding development costs in the meantime.

Third, we continue to execute for AMD. The 25-megawatt expansion is on time and on budget with the next 10 megawatts delivering this month and the full expansion expected online in May 2027, bringing total capacity online for AMD to 50 megawatts. The bank project finance process on the AMD lease continues to progress and is expected to close shortly.

And fourth, our financial position remains strong. We have sold down the majority of our Bitcoin treasury to fund our data center business, reducing our holdings to just over 2,400 Bitcoin at quarter end. We also fully repaid our $200 million Coinbase credit facility, releasing all collateralized Bitcoin and ended the quarter with $950 million of total liquidity, consisting of $748 million of cash, including restricted cash and $202 million of Bitcoin. We have not raised equity capital in 2026, and Jason Chung will walk through later in this call. We do not currently anticipate issuing equity to fund any of our announced projects.

Taken together, these achievements give Riot a data center portfolio backed by long-term high-margin contracts, multiple non-dilutive ways to fund development and the flexibility to direct future cash flows to whichever use creates the most value per share.

Let's now turn to the Corsicana announcement. From the outset of our evolution into a leading digital infrastructure developer, we have been focused on maximizing the value of our large-scale power portfolio on a risk-adjusted basis. Our lease with a leading Frontier AI Lab delivers on this goal. This deal structure is different from our Rockdale leases and deliberately so as a reflection of the unique value an asset like Corsicana commanded in the market. Through our process, we engaged with multiple counterparties and structures and what we are announcing today is what we believe to be a tremendous outcome on maximizing the value of our crown jewel asset, especially on a risk-adjusted basis.

Rather than Riot designing and developing a Tier 3 data center, the contract signed with the Frontier AI Lab at Corsicana is a triple-net powered land lease. Riot delivers the land, the power infrastructure and the power pads, while the Frontier AI Lab procures, installs, owns and operates a modular compute deployment on those pads using the design the tenant developed and bears all operating costs, including power. This division of responsibility changes the capital equation. We expect total project capital of approximately $6 million per IT megawatt, roughly half the capital intensity of our Tier 3 build at Rockdale. This consists of $2 million per megawatt of site work and electrical infrastructure that Riot will complete and $4 million per megawatt that Riot will reimburse to the tenant for its cost.

Importantly, these reimbursements are paid phase by phase and only after each phase has been delivered and begun paying rent. The structure of this deal also changes the power equation. Under our original Tier 3 basis of design, we expected Corsicana to support up to 756 IT megawatts. Under this lease, the same 1 gigawatt of utility load supports 910 IT megawatts, representing 20% more leasable capacity from power we already own and control.

Finally, the lease was built to be financed with project debt sized to contracted rent, a rent credit mechanism if that debt is not available on comparable market terms and Riot's cash contribution expected to be funded from existing liquidity. Jason Chung will walk through the funding plan in more detail shortly.

Next, I want to talk about the economics of this announcement. Over the 15-year initial term, the lease is expected to generate approximately $28 billion of total contract revenue or approximately $1.8 billion of average annual rent, including escalators and before the lease accounting amortization of tenant reimbursements, as Josh noted. Because the tenant bears substantially all operating costs under the triple-net structure, we estimate an NOI margin of approximately 99% or approximately $1.8 billion of average annual net operating income over the term. Against total capital of $6 million per IT megawatt or approximately $5.5 billion, that is an unlevered yield on cost of approximately 33%. At that yield, the project returns its capital in roughly 3 years before any leverage on a 15-year lease.

Full deployment of the first phase is expected in September 2027, with the campus -- with the full campus delivered by July 2028. And the Frontier AI Lab holds 2 5-year extension options beyond the initial term. For context, this is among the largest single data center leases ever announced in our sector, and it carries the lowest operating and capital risk profile of any lease in our portfolio.

At the bottom of the slide, we can see how the deployment comes together in 3 phases: 400 megawatts in September 2027, roughly 10 months from now; 200 megawatts in January 2028; and the final 310 megawatts in July 2028. A full 910 megawatts will be delivered within 2 years of signing.

Slide 9 sets out who does what under the lease, because that allocation is where the risk reduction comes from. Riot's obligations are in the left column. We build and deliver the power pads with medium voltage power supply, and we own and maintain the high and medium voltage power infrastructure that feeds them. In operations, our role is limited to that of our owned power infrastructure, landscaping and campus level perimeter security.

On the tenant side, the Frontier AI Lab procures, installs and owns the compute modules. It pays 100% of actual utility costs, including demand, capacity and tariff charges as a pure pass-through with no markup. The tenant also pays all operating expenses under a triple-net structure and is responsible for any alterations in life cycle capital expenditures over the term outside of Riot-owned power infrastructure. Rent is paid on the full 910 critical IT megawatts regardless of utilization and rent on each phase commences no later than 60 days after each power pad is delivered.

For Riot, the risks we will not carry include: development risk on the data hall, operating risk on mechanical and cooling systems, SLA exposure across hundreds of megawatts of compute, the cost of redesign as chip generations change, power price risk and utilization risk.

What remains as our responsibility is the part of the value chain where we have the most control, land, power and the infrastructure that delivers it. This is a fundamentally different structure than most comparable data center leases and one that drives significantly more value to Riot shareholders because of the greatly reduced risk associated with construction, procurement, delivery and ongoing operations of data center projects. We have put in place a division of responsibilities that accelerates time to rent being received from the tenant and protect that rent stream over the term.

With that, let me turn it over to Jason Chung to walk through the Corsicana financing plan.

Jason Chung

Thank you, Jason. The message on Slide 10 is straightforward. The Corsicana lease structure lowers our capital requirement and gives us multiple paths to fund what remains, none of which depends on issuing equity.

Starting with the capital required, total project costs are approximately $5.5 billion across 910 IT megawatts, $3.6 billion of reimbursement to the tenant at $4 million per IT megawatt and $1.8 billion of site work and infrastructure at $2 million per IT megawatt. As Jason noted, reimbursements are paid only after each phase is delivered and the tenant begins paying rents. So we do not fund reimbursements ahead of contracted cash flow.

Now on to the sources of that capital. Our plan is to fund Corsicana with nonrecourse project debt sized to contracted rent shown as Path A on the slide. An illustrative 80% to 90% loan-to-cost financing ratio results in approximately $4.4 billion to $4.9 billion in nonrecourse project debt drawn as site work is completed and as each phase is delivered and begins paying rents. Riot earns the full contracted rent less debt service and our cash equity covers the balance, approximately $500 million to $1.1 billion against approximately $1.2 billion of near-term liquidity, which I'll come back to on Slide 18. We expect to launch this financing process in 2027 ahead of the first phase delivery.

The lease also protects us if that debt is not available on comparable market terms. In that case, the tenant will initially fund reimbursements and will recover them as credits against rent amortize over the remaining lease term. Under this Path B scenario, there will be no need for external financing to fund reimbursements to the tenant, while Riot will retain flexibility to fund the $1.8 billion of site work costs with cash, debt or some combination of the two based on the rent credit adjusted cash flows. The rent credits will carry an implied interest rate of 12% and Path A remains our base case.

This structure gives Riot 3 non-dilutive layers of funding for Corsicana: nonrecourse project debt; the lease itself; and our own liquidity. This project does not depend on any single source of capital and under either Path, Riot will continue to own the land, the power and the site infrastructure, receiving 15 years of take-or-pay rent on 910 IT megawatts, while the tenant will fund and own the compute.

With that, I'll hand it back to Jason Les for an update on Rockdale and AMD.

Jason Les

Thank you, Jason. Turning to Rockdale. I'd like to walk through updates on both our Frontier AI Lab and AMD development. On the left-hand side, we can see the time line for our 191-megawatt lease with a leading Frontier AI Lab, which we announced last quarter and which is expected to generate approximately $9.1 billion of contract revenue over its initial 20-year term. This is Riot's first full Tier 3 data center project and is on time and on budget for its ready-for-service date.

Two things made this possible. First, we locked the design with the tenant early, which let us conduct advanced discussions and begin procurement with key suppliers for long lead equipment. Second, we are using our own engineering capabilities at ESS Metron and E4A Solutions, alongside many of our tenants preferred vendors, which takes most of the schedule risk off the table. This project is well underway with the first 96 megawatts on track for ready-for-service in December 2027 and the remaining 95 megawatts in June 2028.

On financing, we are finalizing credit support for the project debt from a high investment-grade counterparty with preparation for the project financing progressing in parallel and the launch to follow once it is signed. The Morgan Stanley interim facility is funding procurement and construction in the meantime, so the schedule does not depend on the timing of that close.

Moving on to AMD. We can see the first 25 megawatts were commissioned and fully stabilized in May 2026, and the full 50 megawatts remain on track to be ready-for-service in May 2027. AMD is the proof point for how Riot delivers. In-house manufacturing and the design built around the tenant's requirements enabled us to go from lease signing to a stabilized 25 megawatts in 4 months. AMD continues to hold expansion options for up to an additional 150 megawatts at Rockdale.

Slide 12 brings the 3 leases together. In 2026, Riot has secured approximately $38 billion of contracted data center revenue across 1,151 megawatts of critical IT capacity with leading players in the AI ecosystem. The table shows each lease from which I'd like to highlight 3 main points. First, the total, approximately $2.3 billion of average annual revenue and $2.2 billion of average annual NOI at full deployment on total capital of $7.7 billion to $7.9 billion, representing an unlevered yield on cost of roughly 28%.

Second, the margins. NOI margins run from 80% at AMD to 80% to 90% with the Frontier AI Lab tenant at Rockdale to approximately 99% at Corsicana, where the tenant bears substantially all operating costs under the triple-net structure.

Third, the timing. AMD reaches full deployment in May 2027, the Frontier AI Lab tenant at Rockdale in June 2028 and at Corsicana in July 2028. All 1,151 megawatts are in service within 20 months. With AMD's expansion options for a further 150 megawatts, contract potential reaches approximately 1.3 gigawatts. Contracted revenue, a defined capital budget and a clear funding plan are the fundamentals on which we anticipate Riot will be valued going forward.

Slide 13 shows how lease revenue ramps as each phase comes into service. Today, 25 of our 1,151 leased megawatts are in service. By the end of 2027, that grows to 546 megawatts as AMD's second 25 megawatts, the first 96 megawatts for the Frontier AI Lab at Rockdale and the first 400-megawatt phase at Corsicana all come online. By mid-2028, with Corsicana's second and third phases and Rockdale's second phase delivered, all 1,151 megawatts are in service.

In revenue terms, lease revenue grows from approximately $23 million this year to approximately $250 million in 2027, $1.8 billion in 2028 and $2.3 billion in 2029, the first full year with every phase in service. This ramp is important for 2 reasons. First, it is the revenue base on which Riot will be valued going forward. And second, this represents an important source of funding in its own right as rent from phases delivered first will help fund subsequent phases, which we will discuss further on Slide 18.

Slide 14 shows how we think about capital allocation. With 1,151 megawatts contracted and more than $2 billion of annual NOI from contracted assets upon full deployment, the question has moved from whether Riot can sign leases to how we will deploy the cash flow these leases produce. We apply one test to every dollar we allocate, do it maximize value per share?

There are 3 uses of capital, and we evaluate each against that test. First, growing the power portfolio: building or buying energized megawatts for future data center development, but only when the risk-adjusted return is well above our cost of capital and compares favorably to the portfolio we already own; second, maintain financial flexibility. project debt that is nonrecourse to Riot and capital recycled from one project to the next as we are doing with our AMD financing; and third, returning capital to shareholders when our own shares offer a better return than the next project or when our growth is fully funded. As contracted cash flows come online, return of capital becomes a real and reoccurring part of this evaluation.

Four criteria fit under all 3: returns well above our cost of capital; leverage sized to contracted rent; liquidity sufficient to fund every announced commitment; and equity only where an investment is meaningfully accretive on a per share basis. That is why we have raised no equity in 2026 and why we do not anticipate needing to with the projects we have announced. Our philosophy is simple: the best risk-adjusted portfolio produces the most reliable cash flows, and the most reliable cash flows give us the widest range of choices about how to compound value per share.

Before I hand the call over to Jason Chung, I want to spend a minute discussing our pipeline for future growth. With Corsicana fully leased and Rockdale substantially committed, additional growth will come from new development capacity, which we are pursuing across 5 verticals: expanding capacity at our existing sites through additional acreage and utility relationships; acquiring and developing grid-powered land with near-term approved capacity; self-generation behind-the-meter where grid constraints require it; corporate acquisitions that deepen our engineering, products and services platform; and strategic partnerships and joint ventures.

We will pursue that pipeline with the same discipline that produced the portfolio you see today. We are deeply engaged across each of these avenues today with teams dedicated to forging future growth for Riot. Every opportunity will be measured against the risk-adjusted returns we have already locked in and against every other use of our capital.

With that, I'll turn it over to Jason Chung for the financing update and our quarterly results.

Jason Chung

Thank you, Jason. I want to start by revisiting the 4 financing principles we laid out earlier this year, and show how we are executing against each of them in a tighter credit market, characterized by higher interest rate environment, credit-led spread widening since September and lenders doing deeper diligence on tenant credit, power and delivery track record.

First, liquidity. Our response to a more volatile market and Bitcoin drawdown has been to convert Bitcoin to cash ahead of our committed equity needs to hold no pledged collateral and to manage liquidity against each project's equity requirement. Year-to-date, we have sold 20,264 Bitcoin for $1.5 billion, repaid our $200 million Coinbase facility in full and released all 5,821 pledged Bitcoin, ending the quarter with $950 million of liquidity.

Second, access. We lead with the 3 things lenders our diligencing most: tenant credit, power that is already interconnected, and energized and a delivery record supported by our in-house engineering, manufacturing and procurement, and we are building relationships across multiple funding sources to maintain diversification. That includes approximately $750 million of facilities closed or expected to close shortly, the $573 million Morgan Stanley interim facility and the $180 million AMD term loan plus delayed draw facility with the Rockdale and Corsicana project financing in process behind them.

Third, cost. Spreads today are driven by tenant credit and structure, so we match the credit basis to each project. At Rockdale, AMD is an investment-grade tenant with a term loan expected to price at around SOFR plus 250 basis points. Also at Rockdale, our lease with a leading Frontier AI Lab is expected to be supported with high investment-grade credit support, and we are positioning that debt towards bond execution. At Corsicana, the lease is engineered for financeability, significantly reduced capital requirements relative to Tier 3 builds, triple-net lease structure, take-or-pay on delivered capacity and reimbursements funded phase by phase after rent commencement.

And fourth, discipline. Our project financings will be structured as nonrecourse to Riot and sized to contracted rents and spend is released as each financing closes. On cost, we have and will continue to negotiate fixed price and guaranteed maximum price contracts and with added visibility and control through our in-house manufacturing and procurement.

The result of these 4 principles is aligned at the bottom of the slide. No equity raised in 2026 and none currently anticipated to fund any of our announced projects. And the next slide will show the sources of capital that stand ahead of Riot equity.

That brings me to Slide 18, which answers the question we hear often from investors: How does Riot fund all of this without issuing equity? Let's start with the capital uses. Across Corsicana and Rockdale, we expect total project capital of approximately $7.6 billion to $7.8 billion, $5.5 billion at Corsicana and $2.1 billion to $2.3 billion at Rockdale, with additional AMD CapEx expected to be financed through the AMD bank facility we are now finalizing. We expect approximately $6.1 billion to $7 billion of this to be funded with project level debt, nonrecourse to Riot and sized to contracted take-or-pay rent at an illustrative 80% to 90% of project capital. That leaves an illustrative Riot cash equity requirement of approximately $800 million to $1.5 billion deployed alongside development from now through mid-2028 as each financing closes.

Now on to the sources of capital. We have approximately $1.2 billion of near-term liquidity, $950 million of cash and Bitcoin and $110 million of other anticipated near-term inflows, plus $180 million of proceeds from the AMD term loan, which we expect will be available on closing. In addition, contracted rent from Corsicana Phases 1 and 2 and from our Rockdale tenants adds approximately $900 million before debt service by the time Corsicana's final phase is delivered. That brings cumulative sources to approximately $2.1 billion, more than Riot's cash requirement at any leverage level in the illustrative range, $1.5 billion at 80% loan to cost, $1.2 billion at 85% and $800 million at 90%. And the timing works in our favor. Reimbursements are paid only after each phase is delivered and paying rent, so the sources arrive ahead of the uses.

This is also before additional non-dilutive sources of funding that we have not counted in that chart. First, contracted rent from Corsicana Phase 3. Second, the land, substations and power infrastructure we already own at Corsicana, which can potentially be contributed as sponsor equity and count towards lenders' equity requirements, reducing our cash needs further. Third, refinancing of stabilized lease-backed assets, which releases Riot equity from completed projects for the next phase, exactly as we are doing with AMD. And fourth, a future parent level facility such as a corporate revolver to fund early-stage development costs and working capital drawn only if needed.

Put simply, Riot has multiple layers of non-dilutive funding standing ahead of any equity issuance, and we do not currently anticipate issuing equity to fund any announced project.

Let's move to our third quarter financial results on Slide 20. For the third quarter of 2026, Riot reported total revenue of $181 million, up 1% year-over-year as Data Center and Engineering revenue grew by $46 million, which offset lower Bitcoin mining revenue on an average Bitcoin price 38% below last year's third quarter. We reported GAAP net income of $4 million or $0.01 per diluted share and adjusted EBITDA of $191 million. Net income reflects $124 million of depreciation and amortization, $21 million of stock-based compensation and an $18 million noncash impairment, offset by a $172 million gain on the change in fair value of Bitcoin, which is included in adjusted EBITDA.

In our Data Center segment, we exited the quarter with 25 megawatts of critical IT capacity contracted and delivered and generated $18 million of total segment revenue, including $8 million of operating lease revenue at an 80% operating lease gross margin, in line with the economics we underwrote and $10 million of tenant fit-out, which fluctuates with the development cycle. On an annualized basis, the base rent from those first 25 megawatts is roughly $31 million, consistent with the AMD economics on Slide 12, and it steps up as the next 10 megawatts deliver this month.

In our Bitcoin Mining segment, Riot produced 1,637 Bitcoin in the third quarter or 17.8 Bitcoin per day and ended the quarter with a deployed hash rate of 44.9 exahash per second, representing about 4.9% of the global network. Average operating hash rate for the quarter was 36.2 exahash, reflecting summer curtailment under our power strategy, including the 4CP program. This curtailment generated $25 million of power credits equivalent to $15,067 per Bitcoin mined, bringing our net cost of power to $0.032 per kilowatt hour, among the lowest in the industry. As a result, our direct cost to mine, excluding depreciation, was $39,265 per Bitcoin.

We ended the quarter holding 2,418 Bitcoin valued at $202 million at the September 30 closing price of $83,554, down from 11,380 Bitcoin at the end of the second quarter. That reduction is by design. Our Bitcoin treasury has been the primary funding source for data center development, and we expect to continue to sell substantially all of the Bitcoin we mine.

Our Engineering segment delivered $47 million of revenue, more than double a year ago at a 15% gross margin that reflects a large low-margin cable procurement order at E4A. We expect a better mix in the fourth quarter that should flow through to higher margins. Backlog is $142 million, more than 90% of which is data center work with capacity deliberately reserved for Riot's own projects, where ESS Metron supplies a switchgear for Rockdale and is expected to for Corsicana. Segment detail for all of our businesses is in the appendix.

And with that, I'll hand the call back over to Jason Les.

Jason Les

Thank you, Jason. Slide 22 puts our year into perspective. 2026 has been a year of execution. In January, we acquired the land at our Rockdale site and signed our first data center lease with AMD. In May, we delivered AMD's initial 25 megawatts on time and on budget. In the third quarter, we signed a 191-megawatt lease with a leading Frontier AI Lab at Rockdale. And more recently, we signed the 910-megawatt lease at Corsicana with the same Frontier AI lab.

From here, the time line is about delivery. AMD completes in May 2027, Corsicana's first phase and Rockdale's first phase followed by the end of 2027, and every remaining phase is delivered by July 2028. 12 months ago, Riot had no data center lease revenue. By 2029, lease revenue is contracted at approximately $2.3 billion per year, with every megawatt behind it already signed. What remains between here and there is execution, which is what this team has done all year.

At the beginning of this year, when we laid out what we saw as the potential for our power portfolio, we communicated a total portfolio net operating income range of $1.6 billion to $2.1 billion. With leases signed this year, we are now expecting to exceed the top of that range, with average annual NOI of approximately $2.2 billion on contracts already in place. And we have further headroom to grow with the remaining unleased power capacity at our Rockdale and Kentucky sites. Further, a large majority of that NOI is significantly derisked from a delivery and operational standpoint compared to standard data center leases in the market.

With our existing portfolio substantially leased, growth from here comes from the pipeline I described earlier, pursued with the same discipline and measured against every other use of our capital.

Our priorities from here are clear: deliver AMD, Rockdale and Corsicana on schedule and on budget; finalize the Rockdale and Corsicana financing and expand access to additional sources of liquidity and deploy capital where it is the most accretive, whether that is developing our power pipeline or returning capital to shareholders. Riot is a data center infrastructure platform. We own the scarcest inputs in this industry, land, fully approved power and the infrastructure to deliver it. And we have leased that capacity to leaders in the AI ecosystem on long-term contracts with different solutions for different customer needs.

The result is a portfolio optimized for superior risk-adjusted returns with multiple non-dilutive ways to finance development and a company with the cash flow and discipline to put every dollar to its highest and best use. On behalf of our entire management team, I want to thank our shareholders, our tenant partners, the communities we serve and our employees for their continued support.

With that, we will now open the call up for questions. Operator?

Operator

[Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Mike Grondahl with Northland Securities.

질의응답

Mike Grondahl

Congratulations on Corsicana. It looks like a really nice lease. But I wanted to ask a question about Rockdale. Given the recent cost overruns that we've seen in the industry, what gives you the confidence that $11 million to $12 million a megawatt for the CapEx development costs at Rockdale is going to be sufficient? And as a follow-up, how much of that project cost is currently fixed or contracted? What sort of remains subject to change? And who bears the risk at Rockdale if costs exceed your estimate?

Jason Les

Thanks for that question. Let me -- I'll talk about Rockdale. And then on the theme of your question, I'll talk about Corsicana as well and then address who bears the risk here.

On Rockdale, our confidence comes from the work that we did before signing. Over the past several months, one of our key messages to the market has been that signing a lease isn't just about having power. It's about the product that you're building for the tenant, and that's why we put in substantial design and pricing work before committing to a number. So because of that, our design is sufficiently advanced at this stage, and we're locking in prices and phases with our general contractor.

As each scope matures, the GC competitively bids that trade package and the full scope goes under a guaranteed maximum price, building towards a final GMP for the full project. Today, we're finalizing that GMP with our GC, and we're expecting roughly 70% of the total budget to be under GMP. That's also the key point on when costs get locked in. It isn't when you hire a GC, it's when the scope goes under GMP, and that's where our focus is right now.

The balance of the budget for Rockdale is for OFCI, which we have already begun procuring and we expect to complete ordering of that equipment this month. Therefore, we feel confident maintaining our estimate within the $11 million to $12 million per megawatt range for the Rockdale build.

I know you didn't ask about Corsicana, but on the same thing, I'll talk about Corsicana, which is a different structure. And there, our exposure is significantly smaller. Roughly 70% of our capital there is a capped contribution in the form of the tenant reimbursement for modules they are procuring themselves. So that's a number that doesn't go up. The rest of the balance of spend at Corsicana is a smaller scope. And of that smaller scope, one, our procurement process has already been underway for the OFCI part of that development, and we expect to complete that ordering of the longest lead items by the end of the year. And then outside of OFCI, we'll utilize GMP contracts just as we are at Rockdale.

Now finally, on who bears the risk. In our leases, the lines are drawn clearly. First, as the tenant changes what it wants, the tenant pays. Every lease has a change order process where changes are priced upfront and either reimbursed or built into rent with schedule relief. Second, once a scope is under the GMP that I was speaking about, costs above that price are the contractor's responsibility. And it comes under, we share those savings together. Third, some risks do stay with us. And that includes scope that's not under GMP, expense or site conditions and OFCI equipment that I mentioned that we buy directly. We don't pass those through to tenants. Instead, we manage them by buying our critical equipment early, handling tariff and material escalation through contracts with escalation tables and carve-out contingency we hold and carrying reserves for labor if the market gets tight.

So a GMP doesn't remove every risk, and I won't tell you there's none. But the upfront design, the phased locking of pricing and the clear lease terms or who pays for what are why we're confident in the $11 million to $12 million per megawatt figures for Rockdale that we've given.

Operator

And your next question comes from the line of Stephen Byrd with Morgan Stanley.

Stephen Byrd

Congratulations on the Corsicana transaction. I wanted to just get a little more detail on the deal, definitely really interested in the details, and you laid out a lot of great details, quite compelling. And I wonder if you could just maybe first talk through your thought process on how you decided to move forward with a single tenant for the full site and how that process evolved and sort of was ultimately signed.

Jason Les

Yes. Thanks for the question. For us, it was very clear early on that this is going to be a single tenant takedown for the entire site. And it was clear that, that was not only the best outcome for Riot, but also that was going to be the most likely. And there's 2 reasons behind that. First, while it's possible to subdivide the site, it would introduce operating complexity, and it would also reduce leasable space and now there or dampen the overall value creation. And then number two, really all potential tenants that we spoke to expressed interest in the entire site. Such a valuable asset, it makes sense that someone is comfortable with some part of the site in this constrained environment, they're going to want it all.

So with this conclusion made, we then work through a variety of structures and potential tenants before we selected the path that we believe offer the best risk-adjusted returns for shareholders. And if you think back to our Q2 earnings call back in August, on that call, we reported that we had an LOI for the entirety of the Corsicana site, that was for 756 critical IT megawatts. As our discussions with our tenants advanced, things evolved, and we ultimately landed on a structure that got Riot the attractive economics a site like Corsicana demands while delivering to our tenant here what they needed to achieve their accelerated time to compute objectives. So while not a traditional build-to-suit structure, a superb outcome for Riot.

The other thing I'll say about the structure and how we got here is that it allowed us to deliver more capacity than our original 756 megawatts that we expected with that first LOI. Now we're at 910 total critical IT megawatts in a take-or-pay agreement. And the reason for that is our tenant wanted to maximize the total potential capacity of the site, even if that meant certain times of the year at different levels of utilization than other times. But regardless of utilization, once fully delivered, Riot receives rent on that full 910 megawatts. So the result is the tenant gets more usable capacity and we get a greater base of capacity upon which you receive rent.

So altogether, this is a win-win outcome in that we're able to achieve substantial average annual NOI on significantly less capital than a traditional build. And at the same time, our tenant was able to deploy the faster modular solution that they desired.

Stephen Byrd

That's very clear. And I was surprised by a number of parts of this deal, but that 910 megawatts, I was surprised by that as well. And maybe just one follow-up. I wonder if you could talk a little bit more about the actual structure and economics of the deal I think many investors and I was thinking of a more traditional Tier 3 build of Corsicana. Can you just talk a little bit more about sort of what drove your decision to go forward with this structure and how we should think about kind of this deal relative to other deals that we've seen in the market? I think you've laid out a bit about sort of what your view is in terms of why this deal is attractive. I just want to make sure I understand sort of from your perspective, what makes this deal the most attractive from your perspective?

Jason Les

Yes, absolutely. So from the outset of our transformation here, we have said that our goal was to maximize shareholder value on a risk-adjusted basis. And we are incredibly proud of how we accomplished that with this deal. We believe this is a hallmark structure with this combination of best-in-class yield on cost and best-in-class risk profile. The result of this deal is a triple-net rental rate on the high end of the range for Tier 3 data center, while we only need to spend half the CapEx of a typical Tier 3 build, the scope of our CapEx here significantly limits our procurement and construction risk. And when you pair that with our ongoing operation responsibilities, the result you get is substantially reduced risk in execution. So it is truly the best of both worlds here.

Further, we believe that this deal is a direct answer to the risk that investors are focused on in our space. Not only is procurement and development in this deal substantially limited when compared to a traditional Tier 3 build, but that reduced level of CapEx reduces the level of financing required for both equity and debt. So when you pair that with the mechanism in the lease that we spoke about in our prepared remarks, where the reimbursements to the tenant, which is 70% of our capital spend on this deal can be paid through rent credits if reasonable financing terms are available, we have substantially limited our financing risk.

So these 2 domains of risk, delivery and financing, these are 2 areas of investor focus that we have addressed with the structure while still delivering an incredibly attractive rental rate and underlying economics. So the point is we did not have to compromise. And finally, this structure gets us to revenue and starts cash flowing significantly faster than a typical Tier 3 build with the first phase of delivery in September 2027. For a typical Tier 3 deal announced today, that would be an impossible delivery date. So we believe that this is a new milestone in the industry in terms of value creation and on a risk-adjusted basis. So we are incredibly proud of this outcome.

Operator

And your next question comes from the line of Paul Golding with Macquarie Group.

Paul Golding

Congrats on the deal and all the progress. I wanted to first ask before getting to Corsicana, about Rockdale. Jason, maybe if you could remind us a bit around the AMD options and the structure there of what's pending or what's under exclusivity in terms of incremental capacity and maybe overall incremental capacity left to be leased at Rockdale and maybe whether you would look to do a similar structure as what was done at Corsicana relative to what may be available at Rockdale for future leasing just as we think about capital needs going forward?

Jason Les

Thanks, Paul. So at Rockdale, AMD holds an option for an additional 150 megawatts. We remain very close to them on their capacity needs. Obviously, I can't share anything more than that right now. But if you take those options and then you combine that with the rest of the site capacity, what that leaves you with is about 200 to 250 critical IT megawatts of remaining leasable capacity. Our Frontier AI Lab is interested in additional capacity as well. So I would expect Rockdale's remaining capacity to eventually be taken down by one or both of our existing tenants. And if not, that's okay. We have strong interest on the sidelines. So I'm confident in our path to a full lease of the site. And I think recent events make this capacity even more valuable here.

I would expect the remainder of the build-out of Corsicana to be -- I'm sorry, the remainder of the build-up for Rockdale to be along the lines of the developments you already see there, whether it's expansion of the type of product that AMD has or another deployment of a Tier 3 build like what the Frontier AI Lab has. But we definitely see a path to leasing up the remaining capacity at that site as we continue to progress on our strategy.

Paul Golding

And maybe if I could follow up on Corsicana. The time line shows the 400 megawatts to be Phase 1. How should we think about the Bitcoin mining capacity that is up and running relative to that Phase 1 delivery and what decommissioning time line might look like for that given that I think that capacity lines up with what you've been running at the site.

Jason Les

Yes. So we will not need to take down Bitcoin mining to achieve the first 400-megawatt tranche, but we will need to take it down as we prepare for the second phase. So I don't have a schedule for you yet as we advance here, we'll share more details on what you can expect. But you can probably expect Bitcoin mining capacity at the site to begin ramping down sometime in the summer of 2027.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Richard Choe with JPMorgan.

Richard Choe

I wanted to ask about given the uncertainty around the elections last night, just is there any risk to either your Rockdale or Corsicana campus in terms of what you can provide and deliver? And how do you see your capacity going forward given the political results?

Jason Les

Yes. Thanks for that question. I know that's definitely top of mind of investors going into this morning. So I think on this, it's important to be abundantly clear on Riot's position. Our sites with Rockdale and 700 megawatts and Corsicana with 1 gigawatt, these interconnections, this power is already fully improved. And even further, these sites have been in operations for years, pulling hundreds of megawatts each. So we feel very confident in our position on both of those sites. There's not additional approval needed to execute on developments here. And I think the proof point of that is at Rockdale, where you've seen us launch 2 data center developments in just this year.

Furthermore, the benefit of operating for so many years in -- at both of these sites already is we already have a strong in-place relationship with our local communities. We have been -- for Rockdale, for example, we've been present in that community for about 7 years now. We are substantially involved. We engage on a tremendous -- on a regular basis, and we really value those relationships that we have. That is the biggest source of our employee base, is the community surrounding us. So those relationships are important to us. And the fact that these sites are already in operation, they already have the interconnect approved, we feel very confident in our position on these sites.

Richard Choe

And I assume that gave you some advantage or some comfort to signing this deal with the leading AI lab that you were already operating and present. Is that fair to say?

Jason Les

Absolutely. The fact that these sites are in operation, and in this case, Corsicana, that is the strongest proof point possible of the power interconnect. And the other thing that helped in executing this deal was proving the time to power that we could accomplish there. There's already a substation on site. We already have a substation expansion underway on site. And that made this site very valuable and allowed this deal to get done on the terms that it did.

Operator

That concludes our question-and-answer session. I will now turn the call back over to Jason Les for closing remarks. Jason?

Jason Les

I want to thank you, everyone, for listening in today. We are so proud of what we've accomplished with not only this deal, but all the progress that we have made year-to-date. We have built an incredibly robust portfolio. I want to again thank our employees, our shareholders and the community that we operate in for all their support over the years. And we are just incredibly excited about this next stage of execution for us. So thank you all. We'll see you on our 10-K call in a few months.

Operator

That concludes today's call. You may now disconnect.