아다마스 트러스트(ADAM) 2026년 3분기 실적 발표: RMBS 변동성 확대 속 장부가치 하락

주요 요약

• 아다마스 트러스트(Adamas Trust)는 금리 상승과 모기지 스프레드 확대에 따른 포트폴리오 공정가치 감소로 2026년 3분기 보통주 주주 귀속 GAAP 순손실이 1억 7,100만 달러(주당 1.89달러)를 기록했다고 발표했다.
• 조정 주당장부가치는 해당 분기 동안 19.6% 하락한 8.88달러를 기록했다. 보통주 주당 GAAP 장부가치는 7.93달러였으며, 배당금을 포함한 경제적 수익률은 조정 장부가치 기준 마이너스 16.9%, GAAP 장부가치 기준 마이너스 19.0%를 기록했다.
• 분배 가능 이익(EAD)은 주당 0.30달러를 유지하며 전년 동기 대비 25% 증가해 분기 배당금과 동일한 수준을 나타냈다. 이로써 EAD가 보통주 배당금을 충당한 것은 7분기 연속이다.
• 회사는 주로 정부기관 모기지담보증권(Agency RMBS) 및 주택 담보 대출에서 약 4억 7,200만 달러의 미실현 포트폴리오 손실을 기록했다. 다만 파생상품에서 약 2억 9,900만 달러의 이익이 발생해 감소폭을 일부 상쇄했다.
• 시장 변동성에도 불구하고 유동성은 강화되었다. 가용 현금은 전분기 대비 42% 증가한 2억 5,900만 달러를 기록했으며, 총 여유 유동성 여력은 4억 4,700만 달러에 달했다.
• 경영진은 금리 변동성이 완화되고 회사가 전술적 TBA 매도(short) 포지션의 대부분을 줄임에 따라, 분기 말부터 10월 26일까지 조정 장부가치가 약 4% 회복되었다고 밝혔다.

주요 재무 데이터

사업 및 영업 실적

아다마스 트러스트는 해당 분기 동안 정부기관 자산 12억 달러, 단독주택 신용자산 3억 9,500만 달러 등 총 16억 달러에 가까운 자금을 투자했다. 단독주택 신용 매입액 중 3억 3,500만 달러는 BPL 임대 자산에 배정되었다.

Agency RMBS 포트폴리오의 조정 순이자소득은 2분기 대비 7% 증가한 3,930만 달러를 기록했다. 단독주택 신용 조정 순이자소득은 4% 증가한 2,130만 달러를 기록했다. 다만 정부기관 포트폴리오가 조정 장부가치 하락의 78%를 차지했으며, 그 영향의 대부분은 시가평가 손실에서 비롯되었다.

경영진은 정부기관 전략의 롱 포지션 하락 원인 중 36%는 볼록성(convexity), 32%는 듀레이션 갭(duration gap) 때문인 것으로 분석했다. 국채 대비 Agency 당기표면이율(current-coupon) 스프레드는 분기 중 107bp에서 125bp로 확대되었다.

추가적인 스프레드 및 볼록성 손실을 제한하기 위해 아다마스는 분기 말 기준 총 투자 포트폴리오의 약 23%, 정부기관 롱 포지션의 37%에 해당하는 29억 달러 규모의 TBA 매도(short) 포지션을 구축했다. 이 헤지는 장부가치에 주당 0.29달러 기여했다. 회사는 핵심 현금 채권을 매도하지 않았으며, 특정 풀(specified-pool) 잔액은 64억 달러에서 69억 달러로 증가했다.

신용 실적은 안정적으로 유지되었다. BPL 임대 부문의 60일 이상 연체율은 1.4%로 10bp 감소했다. BPL 브릿지 포트폴리오는 회사의 지속적인 질서 있는 축소(runoff)에 따라 연초 대비 46% 감소했으며, 다가구 메자닌 투자에서는 해당 분기 동안 연환산 55% 비율로 상환이 발생했다.

컨스트럭티브(Constructive)는 4억 600만 달러의 대출을 집행했으며, BPL 임대가 실적의 84%를 차지했다. 아다마스는 이 실적의 57%를 매입했다. 컨스트럭티브는 2분기 1,620만 달러에서 감소한 1,090만 달러의 모기지 은행 수익을 기록했고, 약 170만 달러의 단독 순손실을 기록했다.

경영진 전망

경영진은 현재 Agency RMBS 및 주택 신용 부문의 기회가 공격적인 레버리지나 자산 가격의 빠른 회복에 의존하지 않고도 10%대 중후반의 잠재 수익률을 제공할 수 있다고 밝혔다. 회사는 TBA 매도 포지션 해제 시 익스포저를 빠르게 늘릴 수 있어 정부기관 자산이 자본 집행의 초기 채널이 될 것으로 예상하고 있다.

시간이 지남에 따라 경영진은 자본 배분이 정부기관 전략과 신용 전략 간에 더욱 균형을 이룰 것으로 예상하고 있다. 다만 4분기 모기지 금리 상승으로 시장 거래량이 제한될 수 있어 BPL 임대에 대한 자본 집행에는 시간이 더 걸릴 수 있다.

아다마스는 분기 말 이후 10월 26일 기준 TBA 매도 포지션을 29억 달러에서 6억 8,000만 달러로 약 76% 축소했다. 또한 정부기관 포트폴리오의 듀레이션 갭을 분기 말 0.3년에서 약 0.6년으로 확대했다. 경영진은 시장 상황 변화에 따라 TBA 매도 포지션을 유연하게 조정할 방침이라고 밝혔다.

회사는 또한 TBA 매도 포지션이 감소함에 따라 레버리지가 최근 분기 수준으로 돌아갈 것으로 예상하고 있다. 경영진은 3분기 장부가치 하락이 재무 약정이나 가용 현금에 영향을 미치지 않았음을 강조했다.

리스크 및 주시 분야

• 3분기 동안 10년 만기 미 국채 금리는 82bp 상승해 약 5.29%를 기록했으며, MOVE 지수는 110 부근에서 분기를 마감했다. 추가적인 금리 상승이나 변동성 확대는 Agency RMBS 밸류에이션에 다시 압박을 가할 수 있다.
• 경영진은 이란 분쟁, 유가 상승, 중간선거 관련 잠재적 변동성 등 9월 매도세를 유발한 여러 요인이 여전히 해결되지 않은 상태라고 지적했다.
• 음(-)의 볼록성과 듀레이션 연장은 정부기관 포트폴리오 가치 하락의 주요 원인이었다. 경영진은 현재 대부분의 연장 리스크가 가격에 반영되어 있다고 믿고 있지만, 3분기 중반보다 좁은 듀레이션 갭을 유지하며 운용하고 있다.
• 컨스트럭티브는 아다마스가 플랫폼을 인수하기 전에 실행된 대출과 관련된 개별적인 과거 차주 관계로 인해 260만 달러의 추가 충당금을 적립했다. 관련 인수 보상 유보금(holdback)에는 약 100만 달러가 남아 있다.
• 컨스트럭티브의 수익성은 대출 집행 규모, 금리 확정(rate-lock) 밸류에이션, 매각 목적 보유 대출, 플랫폼의 효율적 규모 확장 능력에 따라 여전히 민감하게 반응한다.

애널리스트 Q&A 주요 내용

애널리스트들은 TBA 헤지의 타이밍과 해제 시점에 집중했다. 경영진은 금리 급락 및 변동성이 심화된 9월 중에 매도 포지션 대부분을 구축했다고 설명했다. 이후 미 국채 금리가 안정되고 MOVE 지수가 하락했으며, Agency MBS의 강제 매도세가 완화되는 양상을 보임에 따라 포지션 대부분을 매수 청산(cover)했다고 밝혔다.

레버리지 여력과 관련해 경영진은 정부기관 리코스 레버리지를 2분기 말 8.3배에서 3분기 말 5.9배로 축소한 것은 의도적인 조치였다고 답했다. 증가한 현금 잔고와 여유 유동성을 바탕으로 정부기관 익스포저를 복구하고 정부기관 및 신용 자산 전반에 걸친 투자를 지속할 수 있는 여력을 확보하게 되었다.

10월 BPL 임대 유동화와 관련해 경영진은 조달 비용 상승의 대부분이 기준 금리 상승을 반영한 결과라고 설명했다. 해당 거래의 순 조달 스프레드는 159bp였으며, 경영진은 유동화 시장이 계속 정상 작동하고 있다고 밝혔다.

컨스트럭티브의 환매 충당금에 대해 경영진은 이 문제가 현재 대출 실적의 전반적인 악화 증거라기보다는 특정 과거 차주 관계에 국한된 사안이라고 규정했다. 회사는 현재 입수 가능한 정보를 바탕으로 해당 익스포저에 대해 충당금을 적립했다고 덧붙였다.

실적 발표 컨퍼런스 콜 전문

전체 실적 발표 컨퍼런스 콜 녹취록

경영진 발표

Operator

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Adamas Trust Third Quarter 2026 Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] This conference is being recorded on Thursday, October 29, 2026. I would now like to turn the call over to Kristi Mussallem, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Kristi Mussallem

Good morning, and welcome to the Third Quarter 2026 Earnings Call for Adamas Trust. A press release and supplemental financial presentation with Adamas Trust Third Quarter 2026 results was released yesterday. Both the press release and supplemental financial presentation are available on the company's website at www.adamasreit.com. Additionally, we are hosting a live webcast of today's call, which you can access in the Events and Presentations section of the company's website. At this time, management would like me to inform you that certain statements made during this conference call, which are not historical, may be deemed forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Although Adamas Trust believes the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, it can give no assurance that its expectations will be attained. Factors and risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations are detailed in yesterday's press release and from time to time in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Now at this time, I would like to introduce Jason Serrano, Chief Executive Officer. Jason, please go ahead.

Jason Serrano

Good morning. Thank you for joining our third quarter earnings call. Joining me today for comments is President, Nick Mah, and CFO, Kristine Nario. The third quarter, particularly September, was marked by a sharp increase in interest rate volatility and widening mortgage spreads, creating one of the most challenging environments for agency mortgages in years. I want to briefly discuss the factors driving this quarter's market volatility, the actions we took, and why we believe Adamas Trust is well positioned to capitalize on the opportunities this environment has created.

Economic growth was strong in the quarter with employment staying firm and significant AI infrastructure investment adding to demand. Elevated energy prices from prolonged Iran conflict pushed inflation data higher, quickly changing the expected path of monetary policy. In September, the Fed raised the federal funds rate by 25 basis points, its first increase since 2023. And by quarter end, markets were pricing several more hikes into 2027. Rates moved accordingly.

The 10-year Treasury rose 82 basis points in the quarter, more than half of that in September alone, and ended at approximately 5.29%, the first time the 10-year closed above 5% since 2007. Rate volatility rose sharply as well with the MOVE Index ending the quarter at approximately 110, with commensurate widening of agency spreads. Against this backdrop and given how our portfolio was positioned, our adjusted book value ended at $8.88 per share in the third quarter, a decline of 19.6%. These are significant mark-to-market declines we witnessed in the quarter, albeit largely on an unrealized basis.

The declines were primarily related to price reductions on our Agency RMBS holdings. Despite a period of acute rate volatility, we did not liquidate any of these core assets. We preserved the potential for unrealized losses to be recaptured as the market normalizes. Let me walk through our activities. We ended the third quarter positioned to earn attractive income. We adjusted as conditions changed, and I want to highlight four main points. First, our liquidity got stronger while preserving our portfolio growth. We ended the quarter with $259 million of available cash, up 42% from the second quarter. Total excess liquidity capacity increased to $447 million.

As it relates to financing, the agency repo market continues to function efficiently with strong counterparty engagement and multiple attractive financing options available to the company. We own today the same high-quality prepayment protected collateral at lower prices across our Agency RMBS holdings. Entering the fourth quarter with elevated liquidity, we are well positioned to recover book value and increase earnings. Second, we added new risk management positions to protect book value. As volatility built through September, we established a strategic $2.9 billion short TBA position, primarily in coupons where we saw higher sensitivity to duration extension with incremental rate increases.

We ended the quarter with company economic recourse leverage of 4.8x and agency recourse leverage of 5.9x, giving us room to add risk exposure. With significant volatility, establishing TBA shorts was by design as volatility intensified in the back half of September and through early October. With tail risk receding, we significantly reduced our TBA short position since quarter end, consistent with our intended approach to manage that exposure. Third, our EAD continued to cover our dividend. Earnings available for distribution was $0.30 per share, up 25% year-over-year and in line with our quarterly dividend, which increased 11% this quarter. This marks the seventh consecutive quarter in which EAD per share has equaled or exceeded our common dividend.

Fourth, the book value decline was a valuation event, not a result of distress in our credit book. Credit performance in our residential loan portfolio remains solid. In BPL rental, our largest sector of credit exposure, 60-day delinquencies declined 10 basis points to a low level of 1.4%. Throughout the year, we have been focused on maintaining higher credit quality across our investments, including our origination channels. We have avoided niche and challenged sectors. The positive performance is a direct result of this deliberate action.

However, in the agency sector, as volatility increased in September, we saw a strong feedback loop forming where high rate volatility pushed spreads wider, wider spreads reduced demand, and this reduced demand pushed spreads even wider. Through September, we continued to add liquid TBA shorts with high average negative convexity risk profiles to protect value against future spread widening of agency bonds. By quarter end, the TBA short overlay totaled $2.9 billion. The larger overlay was tactical for short-term protection.

As we look for the market to normalize, our commitment to the agency business and its earnings power is unchanged as we see the underlying pools continue to generate attractive cash flows quarter-over-quarter. Thus, our goal was to restore our agency exposure by removing the TBA shorts on our balance sheet as we saw the relationship between valuations, volatility, and prospective returns improve. As such, early in October, we closed out of most of the TBA shorts. We believe this is a disciplined and economically rational way to manage shareholder capital.

The actions we took during and after the quarter have already started to see some retracement of third quarter book value decline. So far in the fourth quarter, company adjusted book value is up approximately 4% as of Monday, October 26, showing early indications of the portfolio's ability to recapture the third quarter declines as the markets normalize. We see the outlook for Agency RMBS and our portfolio to be positive. September repricing has created one of the most attractive entry levels we have seen in recent quarters.

Most of the extension risk that drove our third quarter marks lower has already been reflected in current pricing, improving the stability of our agency cash flows. Also, higher rate environments improved the technical picture of the agency bond somewhat. As an example, mortgage applications in October were down approximately 21% year-to-date through the third quarter according to the MBA, pointing to lower new issuance and a better supply-demand balance for agency securities. Combined with today's discounted valuations, we see real potential for spread stabilization.

Turning to earnings. Despite significant market volatility, EAD was $0.30 per share, consistent with the prior quarter and equal to our recently increased dividend. Importantly, agency adjusted net interest income grew to $39.3 million, up 7%, and single-family credit adjusted net interest income grew to $21.3 million, up 4% from the second quarter. The company's strong EAD profile speaks to the strength of our earnings base. That brings me to what I believe is an important development for Adamas.

The repricing of mortgage assets has meaningfully improved our investment opportunity set. Our $1.20 per share annual dividend represents approximately 13.5% of our September 30 adjusted book value. We see compelling investments exceeding this level in our core strategies with mid- to high-teens returns in the market today. This is without relying on aggressive leverage assumptions or a rapid recovery in asset prices. The pace at which they contribute to earnings and book value growth will depend on our capital allocation decisions and risk limits.

But the improvement is significant, and the same volatility that pressured the value of existing investments has raised the return available on our investment pipeline. We have deliberately maintained a liquid portfolio and substantial excess liquidity for several quarters. So Adamas Trust has financial flexibility to take advantage of market dislocations like this to drive future earnings. With that, I'll turn the call over to Nick.

Nicholas Mah

Thanks, Jason. The majority of the book value decline came from the agency portfolio and the positioning decisions we made there over several quarters. Ultimately, September's price action was unfavorable to those positions with a severity that we did not anticipate. In July and August, we executed on our plan of growing recurring income through portfolio expansion. We invested almost $1.6 billion in the quarter, our most active acquisition quarter of the year. This was split between $1.2 billion in agencies and $395 million in single-family credit. The majority of the single-family credit purchases at $335 million, was in BPL rental.

Our agency positioning heading into September rested on 2 intentional choices. The first was the coupon mix of our portfolio, and the second was duration. On coupon, our spec pool portfolio had an average coupon of approximately 5.5%. The agency portfolio was primarily concentrated within the higher coupons of the stack, where carry and net interest margin were attractive relative to the higher convexity risk. We also sought to mitigate this exposure through the prepayment protection embedded in our pools.

Second, on duration. The agency book, which represented 62% of the investment portfolio at the beginning of the third quarter, carried a duration gap of approximately 1.4 years midway through the third quarter, positioned to benefit from a decline in rates. September was a turning point in the market. We saw the convergence of 3 factors over a short period of time: a sharp move higher in rates, a surge in volatility, and spread widening. Over the quarter, agency current coupon spreads to Treasuries widened from 107 basis points to 125 basis points, nearly 3/4 of it in September.

September was the Bloomberg U.S. MBS Index's worst month and worst quarter since September of 2022. The agency portfolio accounted for 78% of the decline in adjusted book value, nearly all of it mark-to-market. Drilling into the performance of our agency strategy long positions, we estimate that convexity was the largest contributor to the decline, accounting for 36%, followed by the duration gap at 32%, with the remainder attributable to spread and portfolio changes.

Rising rates amplified the impact of negative convexity in our pools, while interest rate hedges offset only part of the move. Our credit and macro hedges also provided less book value protection this quarter than before when they helped offset first quarter volatility. As we went through the quarter, we took 2 actions to limit the portfolio's exposure to tail outcomes. The first was to reduce the agency duration gap, which was brought down to 0.3 years by quarter end. The second was establishing a TBA short to address the risk of more drastic spread and convexity losses.

We gradually put on the TBA short position in the quarter as we believed agency spreads still had room to widen while rates remained volatile. The TBA shorts also helped reduce the duration gap and tempered the negative convexity in the portfolio. The position performed as intended, contributing a positive $0.29 per share to book value in the quarter. At quarter end, the TBA short at $2.9 billion was sized at approximately 23% of our gross investment portfolio and 37% of our agency long portfolio. With an average coupon of 6.09%, it was meant to protect the book in the event of a further rate sell-off by concentrating exposure to the higher coupon agencies with greater convexity risk.

The short position helped manage our exposure through the most severe phase of the market move, which allowed us to remain fully invested on the long side. The TBA short was also structured to be a flexible and liquid risk management tool to allow us to adjust our position quickly as market risks evolve. It is important to highlight again that we did not sell any cash bonds, which kept the book value decline predominantly as unrealized. In fact, our spec pool balance grew from $6.4 billion to $6.9 billion. Since quarter end, we have been equally deliberate with the TBA short position being reduced almost 76% to $680 million as of October 26.

We have also widened the duration gap of the agency portfolio to around 0.6 years since quarter end. As rate volatility eased and the 10-year started retracing from its highs, we covered the majority of the TBA short, increasing the risk exposure in the pools that we own. The portfolio we own today is the one that we want to own for a recovery, now carried at more attractive prices. In residential credit, pricing reflected higher rates, while credit fundamentals remained stable. Non-QM AAA spreads widened from 130 to 150 basis points. We see a benign housing market with low transaction volumes with virtually all outstanding borrowers being out of the money to refinance at mortgage rates above 7%.

Securitization markets stayed open through the bond selloff with year-to-date non-agency issuance reaching approximately $203 billion by the end of September and over $210 billion by late October, albeit at wider spreads and the structure shifting in investors' favor. In this market, we remain highly confident in our credit strategy, which continues to emphasize high-quality borrowers and collateral. This is supported by the strong performance we see across our assets.

In BPL bridge, we continue to manage the orderly runoff of the portfolio, which has declined 46% year-to-date, while delinquent loan balances have remained roughly unchanged. Our multifamily mezzanine portfolio performance has been stable, while payoffs continue to occur at an annualized rate of 55% in the quarter. Capital released through the runoff of these noncore strategies will be redeployed into what we see as an even more attractive risk-adjusted return in the current market environment.

Also, the investor demand for our securitization program of BPL rental is clear evidence that our focus on high-quality credit and prepayment protection is attractive to institutional investors. Constructive demonstrated the strength of its origination model in a challenging quarter. It originated $406 million of loans with 84% of those originations in BPL rental. Adamas purchased 57% of Constructive's production in the quarter, giving us a proprietary source of assets. Importantly, though, all of Constructive's third quarter originations were subject to investor purchase arrangements within only a few days of the borrower rate lock, a loan sale strategy designed to help limit interest rate and pricing risk.

When rates rose sharply in September, Constructive continued to distribute its production efficiently. Because Constructive has continued to lend at competitive pricing while still steadily moving up its coupons alongside prevailing mortgage rates, we believe Constructive is well positioned to capture additional market share in BPL rental. I will now pass it over to Kristine to discuss our financials.

Kristine Nario

Thank you, Nick, and good morning, everyone. Jason and Nick have already discussed the market environment and the actions we took during the quarter. So I'll focus on the key drivers behind our third quarter financial results. For the third quarter, we reported GAAP net loss attributable to common stockholders of $171 million or $1.89 per share, primarily reflecting the impact of higher interest rates and wider spreads on the fair value of our investment portfolio. Supported by our recurring earnings, our Board increased the quarterly dividend to $0.30 per share, marking the seventh consecutive quarter that EAD has covered our dividend.

Adjusted book value per share was $8.88 and GAAP book value per common share was $7.93 as of September 30. Including the dividend, we generated a negative 19% economic return on GAAP book value and a negative 16.9% economic return on adjusted book value. Despite the significant market movements during the quarter, our investments continued to generate recurring income with adjusted net interest income increasing to $51.5 million from $50.3 million in the prior quarter. This was primarily driven by continued expansion of our Agency RMBS and BPL rental portfolios, partially offset by the runoff of higher-yielding BPL bridge and multifamily investments and additional interest expense from our corporate debt issuance.

Net interest spread was 140 basis points compared to 148 basis points in the second quarter, reflecting the continued shift in the composition of our portfolio. While these portfolio changes have moderated our overall asset yields, the growth in average interest-earning assets has continued to support higher adjusted net interest income. From a mark-to-market perspective, we recognized approximately $472 million of unrealized losses on our investment portfolio, primarily from Agency RMBS and residential loans. Our derivative portfolio partially offset these losses, generating approximately $299 million of gains, including $306 million of unrealized gains, primarily from interest rate swaps and short treasury future positions that benefited from higher interest rates.

Turning to Constructive. Mortgage banking income was $10.9 million compared to $16.2 million in the prior quarter. Direct loan origination costs declined to $4.2 million and direct G&A declined to $8.8 million, resulting in a stand-alone entity loss of approximately $1.7 million. Results were primarily impacted by lower origination volumes and changes in the fair value of interest rate lock commitments and loans held for sale due to higher quarter end rates, as well as an increase in reserves amounting to $2.6 million associated with an isolated legacy borrower relationship involving loans originated before our acquisition of Constructive.

The impact of these additional reserves was partially offset by approximately $1.5 million of income released from the indemnification holdback established at acquisition. We continue to focus on financing and operating efficiencies we discussed last quarter, which we believe will improve profitability as the platform scales. Total consolidated G&A declined to $24.3 million from $25.6 million in the second quarter, primarily reflecting lower compensation-related accruals and lower commission and profit sharing expenses at Constructive.

From a financing perspective, we continue to diversify our funding sources and strengthen our liquidity position. During the quarter, we issued $90 million of 9.6% senior unsecured notes due 2031, a $341 million BPL rental securitization, and a $115 million non-agency RMBS securitization. Subsequent to quarter end, we completed another BPL rental securitization, bringing approximately 98% of our BPL rental portfolio into longer-term nonrecourse financing that is not subject to mark-to-market margin calls.

We also ended the quarter with a stronger liquidity position. Available cash increased to $259 million from $182 million in the prior quarter, while total excess liquidity capacity increased to $447 million, including financing available on unencumbered and underlevered assets. Company and portfolio economic recourse leverage ratio ended the quarter at 4.8x and 4.4x, respectively, reflecting the impact of our TBA positioning during the quarter. This reduction in leverage provided additional capacity to increase investments, which we have begun to do since quarter end.

On the capital markets front, we utilized a renewed ATM program, issuing approximately 429,000 common shares at an average price of $10.18 per share, generating $4.3 million in net proceeds. The issuance was accretive to GAAP book value per share at the time of issuance and represents progress in our objective of accessing common equity at accretive valuations. We believe GAAP book value provides the appropriate reference point for evaluating equity issuance as capital raised above that level increases both GAAP and adjusted book value on an aggregate dollar basis as the adjustments between the 2 measures are unaffected by capital raising.

We will continue to use the ATM selectively as an additional source of flexibility to support long-term earnings growth and disciplined capital deployment. Overall, despite the significant market volatility during the quarter, we maintained EAD of $0.30 per share, continued to grow interest-earning assets and adjusted net interest income, and strengthened our liquidity and financing position. We remain focused on managing our portfolio through the current market environment while positioning the company to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities over time. That concludes our prepared remarks. Operator, please open the line for questions.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Bose George with KBW.

질의응답

Francesco Labetti

This is Frank Labetti on for Bose. Helpful color on the book value decline in the prepared remarks, but I want to touch on maybe the timing on the decline. And can you quantify any decline happened before the TBA shorts were added? And then given that most of the shorts are now removed, how are you positioning the hedge book going forward to manage current rate and spread volatility?

Nicholas Mah

Sure. This is Nick. So third quarter was a volatile quarter. If you remember, there were periods of time in August. So July, there was somewhat of a sell-off. August, there was a little bit of reprieve. And then September was when a lot of things started moving. In terms of the timing of the TBA shorts, the majority of the TBA shorts were put on in the September time frame. However, through the third quarter, there was obviously rehedging of duration throughout that period of time. But we still -- as I mentioned earlier, we still maintain somewhat more of a duration gap going into September because we thought that a lot of the rate moves were going to be short-lived.

And surprisingly, a lot of technical forces also created what happened in September. Relating to the second part of your question, one of the reasons why we took off the TBA shorts is because we believe that the tail risk of outcomes in spread and convexity has significantly declined. We have seen the 10-year Treasuries moderate into this new trading range from the highs of 5.35%. Now we're trading around 5%. The MOVE Index showing volatility has also come down since quarter end, and forced selling by leveraged players in Agency MBS, which anecdotally has been more from the hedge fund community than REITs, have also dissipated since Q3.

The duration extensions are mostly behind us at this point, which should dampen pressure to sell or rehedge. And we're also on the supply side, also entering into a new phase of higher mortgage rates, which may keep originations low for the rest of the year. So several reasons why we took that off. However, we are still running a tighter duration gap than we were in the middle of Q3 for several reasons. There's been no real resolution to the Iran conflict. Oil is meaningfully higher today than it was at the end of Q3.

A lot of the factors that started the initial rate sell-off are still in play or unresolved at this point in time. And also, we have midterms on the horizon, which may introduce positive volatility. So we are still managing a lot of the risks using a combination of TBAs, as well as some of our macro and credit hedges. TBA shorts are still part of the portfolio today. They may increase or decrease depending on what the market gives us, but we intend to be dynamic in that respect.

Francesco Labetti

Okay. That's very helpful. And then just on capital deployment, given where spreads are today, how do you think of -- yes, where are you looking to deploy capital today? And how do you think about total leverage on the portfolio?

Nicholas Mah

Sure. As Jason mentioned, we see returns across our core strategies, whether it's in resi credit or in agencies, in the mid- to high-teens. So very attractive return profile overall. I think in terms of guidance in terms of allocation, I think one of the fastest ways the portfolio will grow initially will be through the agency channel. We have TBA shorts on. As we take them off, as we have been, the capital allocation to agencies will increase back to more normal levels. After that point, we see it roughly balanced through time. Obviously, some things I've mentioned earlier where the mortgage volumes may be challenged.

We're seeing that potentially in the broader BPL rental space happening in Q4. So it will take more time to deploy into BPL rental, even though we do see more attractive returns. So agencies is usually the first lever that we can pull in terms of allocation, but we do expect that to become more roughly balanced as we get into Q4.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Timothy D'Agostino with B. Riley Securities.

Jack Biggs

This is Jack Biggs filling in for Tim. The October BPL rental securitization was priced 67 bps wider than Q3. Is that primarily due to spread widening? Or did deal mix play any part in that widening?

Nicholas Mah

Yes. The supermajority of the differential is really with baseline rates. If you look at the average execution of that deal on a net financing spread perspective, it was 159 basis points, which is wider, but the bigger differential is really on the rate side. And the one thing I will say is that the securitization markets continue to be well functioning. The Adamas Trust shelf and issuance continues to execute more efficiently than the average deal. And we still get some benefit in terms of spread because of investor recognition of our program, our historical performance, and the prepayment protection that our loans offer.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Doug Harter with BTIG.

Douglas Harter

If you could just help us think through leverage and capacity on leverage. Clearly, 3Q and partial 4Q recovery, book value is down. Just how should we think about the capacity to maintain this size investment portfolio given that decline in book value?

Jason Serrano

This is Jason Serrano. We purposely took down our economic leverage in the quarter. As you see on the agency side, we left the second quarter at 8.3x. We ended the third quarter at 5.9x. And that was a purposeful reduction of risk that we saw going into that last week in September, where that feedback loop I described on my prepared remarks was intensifying. With the -- as Nick mentioned, with the pairing off of our TBA shorts, we do expect to take leverage back to levels we've been running for the last few quarters. And with that, normalizing the total size of our agency assets as well.

We have flexibility in our available cash, as I mentioned earlier as well, with the total cash balances increasing and total excess liquidity increasing in the quarter. We can continue on our path of allocating appropriately between the 2 asset classes. Nick mentioned, looking at credit with higher rates, we think our originator will pick up market share through some of the financial conditions that we're seeing with potentially other originators in the market.

So while the market shrinks slightly with higher rates, we think we can pick up a larger share of that over time, which is where we'll be focused on dedicating our capital on the credit side perspective. Overall, the reduction of book value was an unrealized event for the company, didn't affect any financial covenants or any cash balances that we have on our balance sheet that we can use to go forward and invest as we saw through our plan in the third quarter.

Douglas Harter

All right. I appreciate that. And then moving to the repurchase reserve that you took on legacy Constructive. You mentioned that was a one-off. Can you just help us understand what kind of what happened and what gives you comfort that that's truly a one-off?

Kristine Nario

Yes. It's Kristine. The increase in that repurchase reserve was really tied to a specific borrower relationship, legacy relationship, and these are loans originated before we acquired Constructive. And we really view this as an isolated legacy issue and not something that reflects the performance of Constructive's current production. And as part of that acquisition, we had established about a $2.5 million of indemnification holdback to cover these type of exposures.

And so we applied approximately, I guess, $1.5 million against that holdback during the quarter, leaving about $1 million remaining. So while repurchase obligations are a normal part of the origination business, we believe we've appropriately reserved for this particular exposure based on what we know today and what we're seeing, we're not seeing anything that suggests there's a broader issue with the business.

Operator

I'm showing no further questions at this time. And I would now like to turn it back to Jason Serrano for closing remarks.

Jason Serrano

Thank you for joining the call today. We look forward to sharing our Q4 results in the new year. Have a great day.

Operator

Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program, and you may now disconnect.