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几乎“无处可藏”!高盛警告:美股恐迎更大痛苦,传统“避风港”也未必靠得住

FX1682026年3月20日 22:36
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 美股还没有跌完,而更糟的是,投资者熟悉的“避风港”也正在失灵。高盛最新指出,在滞胀风险升温、油价走高和利率预期上修的背景下,美股可能继续下探,股债同跌的局面也让传统60/40组合面临更大回撤风险。

高盛认为,美股可能还将面临更多痛苦,而在投资者寻找避险去处之际,可选择的安全资产可能正在减少。

高盛策略师周四(3月19日)在一份客户报告中表示,他们正在关注股市可能出现进一步回调的风险。所谓“回调”,通常是指市场自高点下跌10%或以上。#洞见2026#

目前,标普500指数已较1月底高点下跌约5%。如果标普500进一步跌入技术性修正区间,这意味着该指数至少还可能再下跌5个百分点。而更糟糕的是,高盛认为,一旦股市出现更深层次下跌,债券未必能像过去那样提供保护

高盛:美股或再跌7%至8%

高盛在跨资产分析以及其“风险偏好指标”(Risk Appetite Indicator)的基础上,设定了多种“更不利情景”。在其中一种情景下,策略师认为,美股较当前水平还有可能进一步下跌7%至8%。

报告写道:“我们仍然认为,股市存在进一步回调风险,而且短期内来自债券的缓冲作用将继续有限。”

换句话说,即使股市继续调整,投资者也未必能像过去那样简单依靠增配债券来对冲风险。

AI冲击、地缘冲突和通胀担忧构成三重压力

高盛指出,当前压制股市的逆风因素并不会很快消散,包括人工智能(AI)带来的产业冲击、持续的地缘政治冲突,以及近期尤为突出的“通胀再度升温”担忧。

其中,油价上涨正成为市场最不安的因素之一。投资者担心,能源价格飙升一方面会推高通胀,另一方面又会拖累经济增长,而这对股市而言是典型的双重利空。

也就是说,市场如今面对的并不是简单的“增长放缓”或“通胀上升”中的某一个问题,而是两者可能同时出现的局面,这正是滞胀风险重新升温的核心所在。

债券不再像传统避险资产那样有效

更棘手的是,通胀预期上升同样对债券构成打击,投资者已经开始看到债券不像历史上那样能够稳定充当避险港湾。

作为反映长期利率预期的重要指标,美国10年期国债收益率周五升至4.31%,自伊朗战争爆发以来已累计上升35个基点。这意味着,市场正在重新上调对未来通胀和利率水平的预期。

高盛策略师指出,由于战争引发更高的通胀和利率预期,当前股票与债券之间的相关性已转为正值。这与过去“股跌债涨”的经典模式形成鲜明对比。

该行写道:“这已经对多资产组合造成拖累,因为当前可用于分散风险的资产选择非常有限,‘60/40组合’出现更大幅度回撤的风险,也就是所谓的‘平衡型熊市(Balanced Bear)’,正在上升。”

所谓60/40组合,是指60%配置股票、40%配置债券的传统平衡型资产配置模式。若股债同时承压,那么这一策略的防御能力就会明显下降。

黄金也开始失守,投资者“避风港”越来越少

债券承压的同时,其他传统避险资产也开始出现动摇。

高盛指出,黄金此前大幅上涨,很大程度上受到了投机热情以及市场对未来降息预期的推动。但如今,随着降息预期迅速降温,金价也出现明显回落。

数据显示,黄金已较1月底创下的历史高点下跌约14%。这意味着,在股市承压、债券难以对冲的同时,黄金也未必能够继续稳定承担避险角色。

(图源:彭博、Business Insider)

从资产配置角度看,这使投资者所能依赖的“安全选项”进一步减少。

高盛建议增配防御型优质股票和“选择性安全资产”

面对当前局面,高盛建议投资者提高对防御型、高质量股票的配置比例,同时增持“有选择性的安全资产”,以应对滞胀风险。

所谓滞胀,是指经济增长放缓、但通胀却持续高企的环境。在这种背景下,周期性资产通常承压,而资产质量、现金流稳定性和防御属性的重要性则显著提升。

高盛的建议也反映出当前市场逻辑正在发生变化:投资者不再只是单纯追求“风险资产或避险资产”的二元选择,而是需要更精细地识别,在滞胀环境下哪些资产仍具备相对韧性。

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