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5大关键问题预测鲍威尔讲话重点 高盛预测:美联储未来政策重要转折点

FX1682024年8月21日 17:40
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 美联储年度杰克逊霍尔会议定于本周五举行,市场将密切关注这一会议,因为政策制定者将聚集在一起讨论货币政策的有效性和传导机制。#2024年下半年市场展望#

美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔周五早上的讲话将成为主要焦点。

高盛在周二(8月20日)发布的报告中,概述了对即将召开的会议的主要预期和见解。

问题1:美联储杰克逊霍尔会议的议程是什么?

高盛指出,今年杰克逊霍尔会议的主题是“重新评估货币政策的有效性和传导机制”,而鲍威尔主席将在纽约时间周五上午10点的演讲将成为会议的亮点。

会议还将在周五和周六举行其他政策制定者的研究报告和演讲。完整的议程将在周四晚上公布。

问题2:你们目前的美联储预测是什么?

高盛预测,9月、11月和12月将分别进行三次25个基点的降息,并预计明年还会有季度性的降息,总目标为3.25%~3.5%。

高盛的经济学家表示,“我们认为,迄今为止失业率的上升和劳动力市场的其他疲软迹象足以使FOMC加快最初的计划步伐,从每次会议降息一次改为连续降息,但还不足以降息50个基点。”

然而,他们承认,较弱的8月就业报告可能会促使更大幅度的降息。

问题3:你们预计鲍威尔会说些什么?

高盛的经济学家预计,鲍威尔将会采取比7月FOMC会议略微偏鸽派的语气,以反映较温和的通胀和较弱的就业增长。

他可能会对通胀前景表达更多信心,同时强调劳动力市场风险,这可能会支持9月降息的预期。然而,降息的幅度将取决于即将发布的就业数据。

问题4:杰克逊霍尔会议重要吗?鲍威尔过去提供的货币政策指导是否有用?

高盛指出,鲍威尔在杰克逊霍尔的演讲历来具有影响力,通常会提供关于未来美联储政策的明确指导。

例如,他在2020年宣布的灵活平均通胀目标标志着货币政策的重大转变。今年的会议讲话也将受到密切关注。

问题5:对会议主题“重新评估货币政策的有效性和传导机制”有何看法?

高盛的经济学家认为,疫情改变了货币政策的传导机制,例如,风险情绪的复苏和供应约束使得加息的影响减弱。

他们还指出,虽然货币政策对GDP增长的影响相对较快,但对通胀的影响可能会有所滞后。

这是因为一些工资和价格合同往往是长期的,这减缓了调整过程,而社会规范往往阻止卖家迅速将增加的成本或市场价格转嫁给忠实客户,如长期租户。此外,某些行业“需要获得政府监管部门的价格上涨批准,也会造成延迟,”经济学家解释道。

尽管会议主题预计将集中于过去货币政策的影响,但一个重要的前瞻性问题是,如果美联储需要刺激疲弱的经济,是否相同的因素会减少未来降息的有效性。

由于许多房主已经拥有较低的抵押贷款利率,降息可能通过再融资提供的刺激比以往少。尽管如此,经济学家表示“并不太担心”,因为美联储还有很大的降息空间

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