Cuộc họp công bố kết quả kinh doanh Quý 3/2026 của PACCAR (PCAR): Lợi nhuận ròng tăng 44%, lượng giao xe dự kiến tăng

Điểm tin chính

• PACCAR đã báo cáo doanh thu quý 3 năm 2026 đạt 7,94 tỷ USD, tăng 19% so với cùng kỳ năm ngoái, trong khi lợi nhuận ròng tăng 44% lên 847,5 triệu USD.
• Số lượng xe tải bàn giao đạt 40.100 chiếc. Ban lãnh đạo cho biết những hạn chế về nguồn cung đã làm giới hạn sản lượng quý 3 nhưng dự kiến số lượng xe bàn giao sẽ tăng lên 41.000–43.000 chiếc trong quý 4.
• Biên lợi nhuận gộp mảng Xe tải, Phụ tùng và các mảng khác đạt 14,5%. PACCAR dự báo biên lợi nhuận quý 4 đạt 14%–15%, do tình trạng kém hiệu quả trong sản xuất bù trừ một phần lợi thế từ giá bán xe tải thuận lợi.
• Mảng Phụ tùng PACCAR Parts đạt doanh thu kỷ lục theo quý là 1,78 tỷ USD. Lợi nhuận trước thuế của Mảng Dịch vụ Tài chính PACCAR Financial Services tăng 9,4% lên 138 triệu USD.
• Ban lãnh đạo dự báo thị trường xe tải hạng 8 tại Mỹ và Canada sẽ mở rộng từ 240.000–260.000 chiếc vào năm 2026 lên 240.000–280.000 chiếc vào năm 2027.
• Sự không chắc chắn về mức phạt vi phạm quy chuẩn (NCP) năm 2027 đang ảnh hưởng đến thời điểm đặt hàng của khách hàng. Ban lãnh đạo cho biết khách hàng hiện ưu tiên các loại động cơ 200 mg đã được kiểm chứng trong khi đánh giá công nghệ giảm NOx.

Dữ liệu tài chính quan trọng

Kết quả kinh doanh và hoạt động

PACCAR cho biết đơn đặt hàng mạnh mẽ từ khách hàng đã hỗ trợ tăng số lượng xe tải bàn giao trong quý 3, mặc dù việc ngành tăng nhanh sản lượng đã gây áp lực lên toàn bộ chuỗi cung ứng. Ban lãnh đạo nhấn mạnh rằng việc thiếu hụt dù chỉ một hoặc hai linh kiện cũng có thể làm gián đoạn sản lượng xe tải hoàn chỉnh. Hiệu suất của nhà cung cấp đang cải thiện, hỗ trợ cho dự báo giao xe cao hơn trong quý 4.

Chênh lệch giữa giá bán và chi phí xe tải vẫn thuận lợi trong quý, chủ yếu nhờ khả năng duy trì giá bán tốt. Tuy nhiên, việc lắp ráp xe tải khi chưa đủ toàn bộ linh kiện bắt buộc làm tăng chi phí sản xuất và giảm hiệu quả.

PACCAR Parts đạt doanh thu kỷ lục nhờ các khoản đầu tư vào phân phối, mở rộng thương hiệu phụ tùng đa dòng xe TRP, phát triển mạng lưới đại lý và dịch vụ vận tải. Ban lãnh đạo dự kiến mức tăng trưởng doanh thu mảng Phụ tùng cả năm 2026 vẫn nằm trong khoảng 3%–5% dự báo trước đó. Tăng trưởng ở các mảng dịch vụ đoàn xe, khách hàng mua xe đã qua sử dụng và thị phần chi tiêu của khách hàng đã hỗ trợ hoạt động kinh doanh dù khách hàng tập trung vào việc bảo trì thiết yếu.

Cơ cấu sản phẩm mảng phụ tùng bị ảnh hưởng bởi giá dầu diesel duy trì ở mức cao, chi phí vận hành của khách hàng tăng và số lượng xe tải nhàn rỗi nhiều hơn. Ban lãnh đạo cho biết những điều kiện này đã trì hoãn một số khoản mua phụ tùng chứ không làm mất đi nhu cầu cơ bản.

PACCAR Financial Services được hưởng lợi từ biên lợi nhuận tài chính ổn định và giá xe tải cũ cao hơn. Ban lãnh đạo tiếp tục coi Dịch vụ Tài chính và Phụ tùng là các nguồn mang lại lợi nhuận thường xuyên trong suốt chu kỳ kinh doanh.

Công ty cũng đã giới thiệu PACCAR Connect, một nền tảng công nghệ xe tích hợp kết hợp dữ liệu giám sát hành trình đoàn xe, dữ liệu xe tải PACCAR, các ứng dụng của khách hàng, Apple CarPlay và nhật ký lái xe điện tử. PACCAR kỳ vọng nền tảng này sẽ hỗ trợ các ứng dụng trả phí, bảo trì dự đoán và tích hợp chặt chẽ hơn với các đại lý và khách hàng.

Dự báo của Ban lãnh đạo

Ban lãnh đạo cho biết triển vọng tại Bắc Mỹ nhờ vào tăng trưởng kinh tế, đầu tư cơ sở hạ tầng, điều kiện vận tải hàng hóa phục hồi và nhu cầu thay thế. Công ty dự kiến các hoạt động cơ sở hạ tầng sẽ tiếp tục hỗ trợ dòng xe tải chuyên dụng, nơi PACCAR cho biết họ nắm giữ khoảng 40% thị phần.

Các ưu tiên đầu tư dự kiến bao gồm hệ thống truyền động diesel sạch thế hệ mới, hybrid và chạy pin-điện, công suất sản xuất, mở rộng mảng Phụ tùng và các sản phẩm xe kết nối.

Rủi ro và Các điểm cần theo dõi

• Hạn chế từ nhà cung cấp: Việc tăng sản lượng nhanh hơn đã gây ra tình trạng thiếu hụt linh kiện và phát sinh thêm chi phí hoàn thiện. PACCAR dự kiến tình hình sẽ cải thiện nhưng vẫn đưa chi phí sản xuất kém hiệu quả vào triển vọng biên lợi nhuận quý 4.
• Sự không chắc chắn về quy định khí thải năm 2027: Mức phạt NCP vẫn chưa được chốt tại thời điểm diễn ra cuộc họp. Ban lãnh đạo cho biết kết quả này có thể ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến các đơn đặt hàng đầu năm 2027, định giá và lựa chọn động cơ của khách hàng.
• Chi phí vận hành của khách hàng: Giá dầu diesel cao, chi phí tài xế và số lượng xe tải nhàn rỗi đang gây áp lực lên dòng tiền của các đoàn xe và hạn chế chi tiêu mua phụ tùng không bắt buộc.
• Cơ cấu mảng Phụ tùng: Việc tập trung nhiều hơn vào các sản phẩm phụ tùng cho đa dòng xe và bảo trì bắt buộc đã đè nặng lên cơ cấu biên lợi nhuận mảng Phụ tùng.
• Thuế quan: PACCAR tiếp tục gánh chịu chi phí thuế quan và nhận được một số ưu đãi, nhưng ban lãnh đạo cho biết tác động ròng là không đáng kể đối với kết quả quý 3.
• Khả năng dự đoán đơn đặt hàng: Lịch trình sản xuất năm 2026 đã kín, trong khi hoạt động đặt hàng quý 1/2027 vẫn đang tiếp tục diễn ra. Ban lãnh đạo kỳ vọng khả năng dự đoán sẽ rõ ràng hơn trong vòng 4 đến 8 tuần tới, mặc dù thời điểm ban hành quy định vẫn còn chưa chắc chắn.

Điểm nổi bật trong phiên Hỏi & Đáp với chuyên gia phân tích

Nhu cầu của khách hàng năm 2027: Ban lãnh đạo cho biết khách hàng đang bắt đầu đặt hàng nhưng đang chờ sự rõ ràng hơn về các mức phạt NCP. Các đoàn xe hiện ưu tiên các loại động cơ 200 mg đã được kiểm chứng vì họ có nhiều thời gian hơn để xác minh công nghệ trong hoạt động thực tế.

Quỹ đạo biên lợi nhuận: PACCAR cho biết giá bán xe tải thuận lợi và hoạt động kỷ luật đã hỗ trợ khả năng sinh lời trong quý 3. Biên lợi nhuận dự báo quý 4 chủ yếu phản ánh chi phí sản xuất liên quan đến nhà cung cấp và độ trễ thời gian giữa giá bán xe tải và việc giao các đơn hàng tồn đọng.

Tăng trưởng mảng Phụ tùng: Ban lãnh đạo kỳ vọng đà tăng trưởng tiếp tục duy trì trong quý 4 khi điều kiện vận tải hàng hóa cải thiện và PACCAR mở rộng Chương trình Dịch vụ Đoàn xe, cung cấp phụ tùng đa dòng xe TRP và gia tăng thị phần chi tiêu của khách hàng.

Nhịp độ thị trường năm 2027: PACCAR vẫn giữ quan điểm tích cực về năm 2027 nhưng cho biết nhu cầu đầu năm sẽ phụ thuộc nhiều vào mức phạt NCP. Ban lãnh đạo kỳ vọng sự không chắc chắn về quy định và chi phí sẽ giảm dần khi năm tài chính trôi qua, đồng thời lưu ý rằng nửa sau của năm vẫn khó dự báo.

Xe tải tự hành: PACCAR đang phát triển một nền tảng xe tự hành tích hợp tại nhà máy độc quyền và hợp tác với các đối tác bao gồm Stack và Aurora. Ban lãnh đạo dự kiến triển khai dần dần, tùy thuộc vào việc xác minh độ an toàn, độ tin cậy vận hành và tính khả thi về mặt kinh tế đối với khách hàng, các nhà phát triển và PACCAR.

Tình hình các đoàn xe: Ban lãnh đạo mô tả thị trường đang ở giai đoạn chuyển tiếp. Các đoàn xe vẫn đang quản lý chi phí nhiên liệu và tài xế, nhưng một số đã bắt đầu cân nhắc mở rộng đoàn xe khi đợt hợp nhất ngành trước đó dần được hấp thụ.

Toàn văn Biên bản cuộc họp báo cáo kết quả kinh doanh

Toàn văn cuộc gọi công bố kết quả kinh doanh

Phần trình bày của ban lãnh đạo

Operator

Good morning, and welcome to PACCAR's Third Quarter 2026 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Today's call is being recorded, and if anyone has an objection, they should disconnect at this time.

I would now like to introduce Mr. Ken Hastings, PACCAR's Director of Investor Relations. Mr. Hastings, please go ahead.

Ken Hastings

Thank you, Joe, and good morning, everyone. My name is Ken Hastings, PACCAR's Director of Investor Relations. And joining me this morning are Preston Feight, Chief Executive Officer; Kevin Baney, President; and Brice Poplawski, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

As with prior conference calls, we ask that any members of the media on the line participate in a listen-only mode. Certain information presented today will be forward-looking and involve risks and uncertainties that may affect expected results. For additional information, please see our SEC filings and the Investor Relations page of paccar.com.

I would now like to introduce Preston Feight.

R. Feight

Thank you, Ken, and good morning, everyone. Kevin, Brice, Ken and I will update you on PACCAR's excellent third quarter financial results and business highlights. I'd like to start by thanking our wonderful employees all around the world who did a fantastic job of providing our customers with the highest quality trucks and transportation solutions in the industry. PACCAR delivered excellent revenues of $7.94 billion and net income of $847.5 million in the third quarter. This is 19% revenue growth and 44% profit growth compared to the same period last year. PACCAR Parts had record quarterly revenues of $1.78 billion and PACCAR Financial Services' $138 million in profit, was an increase of 9.4% compared to the same period last year. We estimate this year's U.S. and Canadian Class 8 markets to be in a range of 240,000 to 260,000 trucks and next year to grow and be in a range of 240,000 to 280,000. The U.S. and Canadian truck market is being driven by economic growth, continued investments in infrastructure and the general freight market recovery.

In Europe, we project this year's above 16-tonne market to be in a range of 300,000 to 320,000 units, and in a similar range for 2027. This represents continued truck replacement in a region with steady economic growth. We estimate this year's South American above 16-tonne truck market to be in the range of 100,000 to 105,000 vehicles and next year to be up slightly and in the range of 105,000 to 115,000 trucks. PACCAR's premium trucks are performing very well for customers throughout all of Latin America. Based on strong customer orders, PACCAR increased deliveries to 40,100 trucks in the third quarter. Delivery volume will increase in the fourth quarter as suppliers become more able to ramp up their production to meet continued strong customer demand. Fourth quarter deliveries are anticipated to increase and be in the range of 41,000 to 43,000.

PACCAR's third quarter trucks, part and other gross margins were strong 14.5%. Fourth quarter gross margin should remain high and, again, be in the range of 14% to 15%. We look forward to a strong finish to this year and another very good year in 2027 as our customers benefit from PACCAR's excellent trucks and new transportation solutions.

Kevin Baney will now provide an update on PACCAR Parts, Financial Services and other business highlights.

Kevin Baney

Thank you, Preston. PACCAR Parts achieved record third quarter revenue of $1.78 billion. This record is a result of investments in parts distribution, growth of the TRP all-makes brand, expanding transportation solutions and increasing dealer retail locations. We anticipate continued growth in the fourth quarter. PACCAR Financial Services pretax income was a robust $138 million with 9.4% year-over-year growth. These excellent results reflect stable finance margins and higher used truck pricing. Similar to PACCAR Parts, PACCAR Financial provides steady foundational profitability during all phases of the business cycle.

Last week, at the American Trucking Associations' Truck Conference, PACCAR proudly introduced its next-generation transportation solutions platform called PACCAR Connect. This system provides a state-of-the-art technology platform in a beautifully integrated vehicle display. PACCAR Connect has the ability to bring together fleet telematic systems, PACCAR truck data, customer-specific productivity applications, Apple CarPlay and electronic driver logs into a fully integrated system. This system will serve as a unifying platform that will enhance customer productivity and create new revenue streams for PACCAR. This year's capital expenditures are projected to be between $650 million and $700 million, and research and development expenses will be $440 million to $460 million.

In 2027, we estimate the company will invest $650 million to $700 million in capital projects and $460 million to $500 million in research and development expenses. Key technology and innovation investments include next-generation clean diesel, hybrid and battery electric powertrain, scaling the Parts business, enhancing manufacturing capabilities and expanding the connected vehicle offerings. PACCAR's industry-leading trucks, best-in-class Parts and Financial Services businesses and advanced technology strategy position the company for an excellent future.

We are pleased to answer your questions.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Your first question is from Steve Volkmann with Jefferies.

Phần hỏi đáp

Stephen Volkmann

So a couple of quick ones here for me, and I'll pass it on. One -- firstly, I think you mentioned that you expected sort of supply chain to kind of catch up. And I think your deliveries this quarter might have been slightly less than what you had projected. Are you seeing supply chain constraints that are limiting that, or was that just kind of normal variability?

R. Feight

Yes, Steve, that's a nice observation. Our deliveries in the third quarter, 40,100, were somewhat affected by supply constraints. And as there -- we and others are building more trucks, I think the suppliers are trying to get up to speed on that. And so that's the kind of what affected Q3, and what we think is improving in Q4 with the guide to 41,000 to 43,000 trucks. But we're working closely with our suppliers to make sure they get the parts to us and we can build trucks. It makes it a lot easier to build the trucks when we got the parts.

Stephen Volkmann

Okay. That makes sense. And then the second one, I'm curious how you're sort of thinking about or how you're even interacting with customers relative to '27 now? Because I'm imagining, but please correct me if I'm wrong, that it's actually hard to sort of price trucks for '27 when we don't know the NCPs yet. And so that probably makes it hard to take orders. Are you taking orders for '27? And if so, can you provide any color as to sort of what people are actually ordering relative to engine?

R. Feight

Steve, that's great. So we made the observation of it's easier to build trucks when we got parts, and it's easier to price trucks if you know the cost. And I think that the government is doing a very nice job actually of looking at the 2027 emissions regulations and figure out how they should -- are able to set the NCP levels. As you noted, they're not finalized yet. And I think that does give some customers pause about what their price will be. So we've had excellent discussions with our customers. We know them for many years. And ATA was a great opportunity to sit with a lot of them and talk about what their needs are for 2027. And I think they feel -- everyone we met with feels like they would like to keep buying the 200-milligram engines, so they have time to prove out the technology of the new engines, the lower NOx engines. And so I think they are starting to place their orders. We're seeing good inquiry and increasing order intake. But obviously, that will likely increase as we have certainty around NCPs.

Operator

Your next question is from Jerry Revich with Wells Fargo.

Jerry Revich

I'm wondering if you could just talk about the lead indicators that you're tracking for the Parts business. What do you expect the outlook to be over the next couple of quarters. Normally, you folks have some visibility a couple of quarters out, given contract rates are moving higher. I'm wondering if you could just give an update on how you're thinking about the cadence.

Kevin Baney

Hi, Jerry. This is Kevin. As we look at the Parts business, right now in the smaller parts market, team has done a great job increasing volume, growing share. Share is one of those things that we measure. And right now with customers have elevated operating costs, they've got higher diesel prices, they've got an increased number of unseated trucks. And so they're focused on really required maintenance at this point. And so we spend a lot of time working with them, one of our key things we look at is our share of wallet with our customers, and we've been able to grow share and increase while they're at elevated costs. And as things return to more normal conditions for them, we anticipate to keep growing.

Jerry Revich

And when do you think that will be based on what you're hearing, do you expect an acceleration exiting the fourth quarter, or is it possible to get a sense, Kevin?

Kevin Baney

Yes. We anticipate continued growth in the fourth quarter, and we have been able to grow share. And so that's a key metric for us. I think we really provide ease of doing business with our customers. And so we continue to grow the revenue with them, gain share and anticipate that to continue.

Jerry Revich

Super. And can I ask the margin outlook 14% to 15% for the fourth quarter what we're hearing is really good pricing for fourth quarter delivery slots and a sequential improvement from third quarter pricing. So does the margin outlook embed some of the uncertainty on the parts side versus improved profit per unit on the truck side? Or can we just unpack the push and the pull there, if you don't mind?

R. Feight

Yes, sure. I think a simple way to think about it is when we're building trucks and we have to deliver or build them without all the parts, there's a cost adder in that. So that has some impact to price cost in the quarter as we think it might occur. Obviously, we're doing everything we can to minimize that. I think the parts team is, as Kevin said, doing a great job of getting the market share gains, margin growth. So we feel positive about how they're doing. And then I think as we look at our pricing power, it has been good with our customers. There is a strong demand for the 200-milligram engines, which we think carries into 2027 as well. So it feels pretty positive from that standpoint. It's really just about those efficiencies that we have to deal with in the fourth quarter. And I think the other part of it is, it's always a function, there's a lag factor between pricing a truck and your backlog. And so that sits into the factors as well.

Operator

Your next question is from Tami Zakaria with JPMorgan.

Tami Zakaria

I'll have -- I'll ask one question today. So I heard you comment about some delays in how customers are trying to -- or there's delays in how they're trying to decide what to order next year. But as you are part of those discussions, are you getting a sense that customers are looking to buy the noncompliant engines and planning to pay a penalty on it, or is there willingness to adopt a compliant platform even if it comes with a higher cost. So any color on what -- which direction customers are leaning towards at the moment?

R. Feight

Sure. I think one of the things I'd start with, Tami, is to say that we have very good visibility right now. Obviously, the year is full, and we're filling the first quarter. So that's a pretty positive position to begin with. I think the customers are beginning to order, but it's just the beginning of that when they would expect the fleets to be thinking about their capital allocations for next year. So that's kind of a part one of your commentary. And then I would share, and we've said this a lot is like, we have not met with a customer. So every customer we meet with is much more interested in proven stable technology that they've had time to vet in their operations. And so they're asking for us to deliver to them trucks with the 200-milligram and an NCP because that makes their operations smoother compared to introducing new technology from any manufacturer that they haven't had enough time with. And so that's kind of where the world sits right now.

Operator

Your next question is from Rob Wertheimer with Melius Research.

Robert Wertheimer

I think Kevin mentioned half a dozen things that could affect parts margin, which was down a little bit year-over-year this quarter from mix to maybe people delaying some purchases to investments. I wonder if you could just break that down? And is there any kind of price competition that's led to lower margin, or is it other factors?

Kevin Baney

Rob, it's just primarily mix right now due to the elevated operating costs that we see with the customers. We've got great trucks with a lot of proprietary content. The engine business, I mentioned the connected. So really see as the customers' operating conditions improve, we see a nice balance of that mix back between all makes and proprietary.

R. Feight

And Rob, I'd just add on what Kevin said and echo it in different ways. I think about the way the enforcement of CDLs went in 2026, and they pulled a lot of trucks out of service. So if the trucks pulled out of a service and they're sitting against the wall, if you will, then that means that there's less miles driven on some of those newer trucks. So it's just postponing parts purchases. We think that will come back, obviously, and that's kind of what Kevin said with high fuel prices being the other factor. So that's just kind of the way the market is running, and I'm so pleased with what the team has been able to do in terms of growing the Parts business in a market which is kind of constrained. So they've done a really nice job in that factor.

Robert Wertheimer

All right. And if I may sneak in another one. You mentioned a couple of times the launch of PACCAR Connect, and potentially even new revenue streams that might come out of it. But what are the biggest kind of pain points or whatever you want to call it that your customers are feeling that might be solved by this? And how does that evolve over time? I'll stop there.

R. Feight

Yes. Thanks, Rob. Great question. We're really excited about this. The product is really cool. I don't know if you had a chance to see it, but if you get in one of the new Peterbilt or Kenworth trucks with the integrated system, I mean, what you end up with in today's world is people install third party, third-party telematics systems into their truck, which requires getting into the dash, cutting things, installing hardware, and this eliminates the need to do that. So step one is it gives us PACCAR an opportunity on the hardware side because now we're doing that work for the customer in a much more integrated factory direct manner. So they're all going to be excited about that. We hear that from them. And then you think they get the choice of the telematics system they want to put in as we're doing this as a kind of an open source system, kind of like and you can akin it to an iOS on your phone, an operating system on your phone, where you can add applications that can be bespoke to a customer, specific to a customer, or they can be PACCAR applications. And those applications can be revenue accretive for PACCAR. They're also really beneficial to our customers. When you think about how it builds into the Parts business in the future, as we understand what the truck is doing. It gives us the opportunity to do predictive maintenance on the truck or directed towards our dealerships. So integrating our businesses with our customers in a way that's beneficial to their profitability and ours feels like just an exciting time.

Kevin Baney

Yes. Well, I'll just add to it. It allows us to stay connected longer with the customer through their operating cycle. And so ease of doing business around the Parts business will really help.

Operator

Your next question is from Lewis Merrick with BNP Paribas.

Lewis Merrick

Just one from my side. A quick one on tariffs. Are you able to confirm there was still some one-off benefit from tariffs during the quarter, and if so, how much? And should we expect there to be further one-off benefit coming in 4Q? And is 1Q then the point where we sort of get to a clean sort of point from a tariff perspective?

R. Feight

Lewis, what we've seen is there's been -- the tariffs have gotten a little more stable. We've still seen tariff costs that we incur as we're importing. We had some benefits as well, but it's really not been material to the results of our performance. And so it's just kind of in the mix.

Lewis Merrick

Okay. So just to be clear, there wasn't any sort of one-off benefit in 3Q?

R. Feight

No, it's kind of like just it's continuing as we sort through the tariff process and work with the suppliers and work with the government and try to get clarification on it.

Brice Poplawski

Yes. This is Brice. Comparable -- I think we mentioned in the second quarter as well during the call, comparable kind of activity.

Operator

Your next question is from David Raso with Evercore ISI.

David Raso

You used to speak to gross margins as the third quarter guide and then further increases in the fourth quarter. Just so we're clear, the change in now the third to fourth quarter gross margins are more flattish as a base case. Is that more because the truck margins are going to grow sequentially the way you would have thought due to the supplier-related inefficiencies? Or is it also related to the parts margins being less than you thought? Then I just had a quick follow-up on truck margins more broadly.

R. Feight

Yes, David, good to talk to you. I would say that your first comment is more accurate than your second comment, and that it's just the cost of production right now is having some impact. We are seeing great truck pricing, but it is just that uncertainty there.

David Raso

That's what I wanted to back into the second question. So the profitability per truck was the highest since the fourth quarter '24, and you did it with 3,800 less trucks delivered, right? So it appears very impressive. You did have more U.S. Canada mix this quarter than back then. Price/cost was negative back then. I'm not sure if you commented if price cost was still positive this quarter like last. So maybe you can confirm that. But I think we're all just trying to level set. All right, maybe the supplier issue doesn't extend into '27, but what do I do with the fourth quarter margin as a launch pad thinking about '27. I know there's a lot in there with penalty revenues on the trucks in '27 and how that dampens the margin. But again, just trying to think through this margin performance and how to think about the fourth quarter launch for '27 thoughts.

R. Feight

Yes. David, like usual, you give these great questions. It's fun to talk with you. And you bring up a very important point as you think back at just a year ago in September of 2025, net income was $590 million. In this quarter, it's $847 million. So the teams have just done a fantastic job each quarter increasing total profitability. And they've done that through truck pricing and through disciplined operating performance like PACCAR always does. And it sets us up really well for the future. It puts us in a very strong position to look forward into things. Obviously, the more stable the market is and the more clean the production costs are, the easier it gets for us. I think you asked or you mentioned, which I think was kind of an ask about price cost and price costs remain favorable in the quarter.

Brice Poplawski

That was mostly due to -- on the price side, the favorable price realization we're getting on our truck price.

David Raso

I guess I asked the question without asking you for guidance for '27 truck margins. Would you look at this fourth quarter then with the drag of maybe pass-through revenues with not much margin on the penalty, but assuming less supplier issues? Just how would you want us to think about '27 truck margins versus this third, fourth quarter kind of run rate?

R. Feight

Yes, great. That's a great way to think about it. If you think about 2027, we're calling the market up, and we're doing that without having the certainty of what the cost structure will be in 2027, which means we're pretty bullish -- remain in our bullish position on 2027. We think that any of the uncertainty will show up in the first part of the year, and then clarity will be through the second, third and fourth quarter. And then as we get towards the end of the year, we would expect it to even strengthen. So I think our general sense is the uncertainty will dissipate, and the market will become stronger as the year passes.

Operator

Your next question is from Chad Dillard with Bernstein.

Charles Albert Dillard

So I want to go back to the parts business. Can you update us on what the outlook is for '26? And then I think you talked about seeing some outgrowth, and I recall from the Investor Day, you talked about a $3.5 billion parts opportunity. Just any color on just how fast you're outgrowing, and where you're tracking versus that goal?

Kevin Baney

Yes, Chad, this is Kevin. So outlook for '26. I mentioned the continued growth in the fourth quarter, and we'll finish within the range that we had forecasted the 3% to 5% we've given previously. Outlook for next year is continued growth. We see -- as we watch customers' operating conditions, as Preston mentioned. We forecast the market to increase. We've got the connected platform out there, and we see the continued growth we mentioned in the Investor Day, the opportunity with the second owner. We mentioned the parts market down. Some of the growth that we've seen with our record revenue has come from growth in the second market. And so we have grown with our fleet services program, and we've also grown the percent of our TRP and all-makes, and a portion of that comes from the second owner.

Charles Albert Dillard

Got you. That's helpful. And then in your North America guidance for '27 implies about a 4% increase at the midpoint. I was hoping you could break down how you're thinking about the vocational versus tractor market as you go into next year?

R. Feight

I would kind of look at the markets and think that we have really run below replacement demand on the fleet. I think that they have had some relief from that because of the driver situation, but they recognize the high performance, great fuel economy, low operating costs and driver appeal of new trucks. So I think they're very interested in getting new trucks and are starting down that pathway. And then I think that the general infrastructure investments that are happening in America are very good for the vocational market for the coming years. And since we are the leader in the vocational market with our 40% share there, we think that bodes well for us also because those are good trucks for us to sell.

Operator

Your next question is from Kyle Menges with Citigroup.

Kyle Menges

I just wanted to follow up on Chad's parts question. And I think if I heard you correctly, you're still thinking that parts growth can be in the range of 3% to 5% for the full year. So I think that would imply parts growth of around high single digits in the fourth quarter versus you've been tracking in the low singles through the first 9 months of this year. So what gives you confidence in that high single-digit growth in the fourth quarter?

R. Feight

I'd say we have a great team of people that are working closely with our dealers and our customers and that the freight market is returning. And so those are the factors that push us into that confidence.

Kevin Baney

Yes. Kyle, I'd just -- I'll add that we've seen a growth in our Fleet Services Program. So that shows is that we continue to gain new customers, the ease of doing business with our parts programs. We gained new customers, and we continue to increase our share of wallet with our current customer base. So we are planning for ongoing growth.

Kyle Menges

Got it. And then I also wanted to follow up on some of the earlier Q&A related to 2027. I mean it sounds like you're thinking second half might be a little bit stronger than first half. I'm curious if you think then that first half of 2027 could be a little bit softer just from a delivery perspective than where you'll be at in the second half of 2026. And then I guess you're expecting the second half of '27 to be a bit stronger.

R. Feight

Well, Kyle, I don't know if you might be putting a little too many words in my mouth. I think that we have to see what the NCP levels are set at. I think that will be very significant to how the market reacts at the beginning of the year. We've seen good interest, but we've seen, obviously, the customers would like to know what the NCP level is going to be. We know they'd like to buy a truck that's durable, reliable and proven for themselves, but we need to see NCP levels and once those become finalized, and if they're set at a level which is helpful to the truckers who are already dealing with high fuel prices, and that will be good for the market in the early part of the year. And then obviously, as you get into the latter part of the year and customers get some time, we'll see what their reactions are. It gets a little bit tougher to predict the market in the second half when it's 9 months to a year from now.

Operator

Your next question is from Jamie Cook with Truist Securities.

Jamie Cook

I guess my first question, Preston, could you just speak to sort of your competitive positioning in the U.S. with Section 232? How you're performing from a market share opportunity relative to your initial expectations? Or do you think -- and how you're balancing sort of market share for price in this type of environment? Can we get the Section 232 benefits dropping to the bottom line? And then I guess my second question, again, sorry to ask about next year, but I will anyway, assuming the U.S. market outperforms Europe next year, just thinking from a geographic mix perspective, the impact on margins, can -- would North America be accretive? Or is there just sort of more noise associated with NCPs and supplier constraints and stuff like that?

R. Feight

Looking at your first question, I would say probably easy thing to do is look at truck margin since December 2025 until now and say that it's gone from $240 million to $570 million. And I think that kind of answers the question of the positioning of what's happening and holding market share is a relatively flat position.

Kevin Baney

Jamie, and just a comment about Europe. We still forecast Europe to remain strong in that 300,000 to 320,000. DAF's done a great job maintaining its position and seeing an increase in order activity in the back half of this year, and we've increased build commensurate with the increased orders. So good forecast in Europe for next year.

Operator

Your next question is from Steven Fisher with UBS.

Steven Fisher

So you were able to maintain or hit your margin targets despite the lower deliveries in the quarter. So I guess I'm just curious what kind of helped that along. Was it just some general conservatism at the beginning? Were there any particular mix dynamics in there? I think you already said that the tariffs were not sort of a material benefit to it. So I'm just curious what drove that hitting the margins despite the lower deliveries?

R. Feight

Steven, the simple answer, and it's really true is amazing people. We have a great team of people all around PACCAR. And you've had the chance to be in our factories, you meet the people that work there, you watch what they do every day, and how well they can perform in spite of complications, it's super impressive. And it happens at every part of the business, the Financial Services business, the Parts business. So those are the contributors more than anything else is to the performance in lieu of lower deliveries, and they just keep doing a great job. And so that's probably the biggest thing.

Steven Fisher

Okay. And then obviously, there's a lot of talk about supply chain challenges on the call. Just curious how broad those challenges are? Is that mostly within domestic markets? Is it related to imports? Is it just a few, or is it more broad? Any help you can give on that?

R. Feight

Yes. I think the easiest way to think about it at the macro level is build rates have gone up significantly, and they've gone up rather quickly, and that just puts a tax on the system. We have great suppliers. They do a good job of working with us. It's just expecting them to go up this quickly in support of the total industry has been created some work for them and a few misses. And all you have to do is miss a single part on a truck and it becomes impactful. So almost all of them performing really well, but all it takes is 1 or 2 missed parts to make it meaningful. And so our teams are working closely with them, and we're making great progress. Hence, they guide for higher deliveries in Q4.

Operator

Your next question is from Angel Castillo with Morgan Stanley.

Angel Castillo Malpica

Preston, I wanted to ask a little bit of a bigger picture question around autonomous. So clearly, the trucker here is under quite a bit of pressure ranging from drivers to high fuel prices. Just was curious if you could elaborate or at least comment, I guess, in terms of what you're seeing in terms of customers' appetite for perhaps autonomous trucks, given your work with your partners. And perhaps more specific to PACCAR, as you're seeing the market evolve and all these pressure points on your -- on the trucker, any changes as to like your appetite or the pace at which you want to move in terms of some of these investments to develop autonomous solutions here that you might be able to deploy to both gain share, but more importantly, help your customer solve some of those issues?

R. Feight

Yes, great. I love the way you ended the question, Angel, and thinking about helping our customers because that's kind of what we try to do every day. And if we have the opportunity to develop safe, reliable technology, that helps our customers, and that's -- and then we see autonomy being able to do that, then that's the path we're on. We're developing our own proprietary autonomous vehicle platform, which will make it easier for autonomous systems to be integrated into the truck in the factory. We think that's a significant advantage for the future going forward. Our pace of play on this is really about safety first, right? These are 40-tonne vehicles. We want to make sure that they are completely capable, fully validated with production parts, just like any new program we do, and that's determining the pace of our introductions. We have good partners in Stack, Aurora and others as we work forward with our customers and how to deploy that. We obviously think the deployment will happen somewhat gradually in lanes, in weather climes and then it will roll out in a progressive way. And I think the other instructive thing to think at the macro level is it's got to be a win for our customers. It's got to be a win for the developers, and it's got to be a win for PACCAR. And so when all those parties are winning, and we have a durable, reliable, safe system, then that's when it will begin to deploy at scale. So that feels pretty good. I think the other thing that we look at in that is macroscopically, it's very good for PACCAR because trucks are still going to need maintenance, and they're still going to be taken care of, and it's going to involve our dealers and support systems for those trucks because now there won't be a driver at that point. So the PACCAR Connect system and all the information we have on trucks will integrate us more to the vehicle.

Angel Castillo Malpica

Very helpful. And then we've had, I guess, a lot of discussion around the P&L, but I was hoping to kind of pivot it to maybe the cash flow a little bit. Can you just talk about what your expectation is for cash flow from operations and free cash flow for, I guess, or just cash flow from operations for the year? And to the extent that you can kind of elaborate a little bit more on kind of the third quarter and year-to-date cash generation, is that kind of as expected? Are there any puts and takes there that may be surprised or that we should be mindful as we think about cash flow generation for the remainder of the year in the third quarter that may or may not have kind of potentially caused it to be a little bit light. Just any -- again, more color that you can provide on cash for generation this year, that would be helpful.

Brice Poplawski

Sure, Angel. This is Brice. I would just tell you, we feel pretty proud of the cash we generate. We generate cash in -- through the 9 months of $2.5 billion, which is greater than our net income and a lot of companies can't say that. So it's very high quality of earnings. So we're pretty proud about that result. And for the year, we would expect a similar kind of scenario where the income would be generated through the cash from operations, meaning net income is the biggest driver. And if you're commenting about last year's number, it had a one-off kind of a large effect because our wholesale dealer flooring inventory was down. So that was kind of a one-off, not a typical thing where dealer flooring changes that much in a given year.

Operator

Your next question is from Scott Group with Wolfe Research.

Ken Hastings

Okay. Joe, I think we maybe can leave it there.

Operator

Sounds good. It looks like -- oh, it does look like Scott has tried to dial in one more time. Would you like me to put him on to the stage?

R. Feight

Sure. Yes, please.

Operator

So this is Scott Group from Wolfe Research.

Scott Group

Can you hear me now?

R. Feight

Yes, we got you, Scott. Glad you got in.

Scott Group

All right. So it sounds like you guys were at ATA last week meeting with customers. Just wondering sort of the tenor of the conversations, truck rates going up a lot, driver market tight? Are you hearing about fleet growth? Is it just replacement and sort of how you think that plays out and maybe what you think that means for the used market going forward as well?

R. Feight

I think we're sitting at a transition point where the fleets would like to be growing. They're still managing cash flow. They've seen costs be high with fuel. So fuel increases the cash flow problem for them. They're managing driver costs. That's a cash flow impact to them. If they'd like to be growing their businesses, some of them are starting to see that ability, but it's really just beginning to be there. There's been some consolidation over the past few years. It's taking some absorption of fleet size into the market that's now, I think, finishing. So it makes it feel like they'll begin to see increases in fleet size in the coming quarters.

Scott Group

Okay. That's helpful. And just on this idea of all this like very near-term uncertainty. I don't know if you guys can give any color like what percentage of 1Q is like sold out now? And it sounds like pricing is really good in Q4. Does that logically take a step back in Q1, if we have less stuff sold at this point? Just any sort of near-term thoughts there?

R. Feight

Yes. Great question. I think when we look at it, just having the year filled as we sit here, and it's been filled for a little bit, gives us confidence that there is demand that's strong out there. And now I think that as we're filling the Q1, it's pretty early, like you think a lot of fleets come into ATA. We were talking about ATA. And they're just starting to decide what capital to allocate, and how they're going to do that. So it's pretty early days for Q1 to have a real look yet. I think we'll get a better view of that in the coming 4 to 8 weeks here. And obviously getting certainty of NCPs, and if they're at a low level to support our customers' wishes for the proven product, that will be advantageous to the fill of Q1.

Scott Group

Okay. And then just last thing real quick. When do you actually think you're going to get that certainty on NCP. Is that in the next 4 to 8 weeks, or could that get pushed out to next year even? I don't even know.

R. Feight

Yes. I think 4 to 8 weeks feels like a good number. Obviously, we don't make those rules. So we just received them. And we continue to have a great working relationship with the government trying to sort this out in the betterment of the industry, but the timing is unclear at this point.

Operator

There are no other questions in the queue at this time. Are there any additional remarks from the company?

Ken Hastings

Thank you, Joe, and thanks, everyone, for joining the call.

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes PACCAR's earnings call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.