United States Dollar Index reaches fresh 13-month highs near 101.50
- US Dollar Index reached a fresh 13-month high of 101.45 on Wednesday.
- The Greenback gains ground due to robust domestic economic data alongside a complex, mixed geopolitical landscape.
- The US S&P Global Composite PMI climbed to 52.2, beating May's 51.5 and signaling healthy business expansion.
The US Dollar Index (DXY), which measures the value of the US Dollar (USD) against six major currencies, holds ground for the third consecutive day and is trading near a fresh 13-month high of 101.45 during the Asian hours on Wednesday.
The Greenback gains ground on a combination of robust domestic economic data and a complex, mixed geopolitical landscape. Traders are carefully navigating conflicting signals regarding a potential United States (US)-Iran diplomatic breakthrough. While US President Donald Trump stated that Iran had "fully and completely" agreed to open its facilities to nuclear inspections, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi quickly tempered expectations by clarifying that substantive nuclear negotiations have not actually begun.
Additionally, Iran’s chief negotiator issued a stern warning that the strategic Strait of Hormuz will never return to its pre-war status and will remain firmly under Iranian oversight. Meanwhile, diplomatic efforts showed signs of progress elsewhere as Washington hosted a fresh round of talks between Israel and Lebanon, aimed at securing a ceasefire with Iran-backed Hezbollah.
On US data, strong macroeconomic indicators that reinforced the narrative of "US exceptionalism." June’s flash estimate for the US S&P Global Composite Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) climbed to 52.2, comfortably beating May’s reading of 51.5 and signaling healthy business expansion.
The US manufacturing sector showed remarkable resilience, with output jumping to 55.7 from the previous month's 55.1, easily outperforming forecasts of 54.8. Simultaneously, the Services PMI printed at 51.3, ticking up from May's 50.7 and clearing the consensus estimate of 51.0, proving that demand in the broader service economy remains incredibly sticky. The US May Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index (PCE) data will take center stage later on Thursday.
According to the CME FedWatch tool, markets adjusted expectations for a more hawkish stance from the Federal Reserve (Fed). Traders are now pricing in a nearly 86.1% chance of a Fed hike in December, up from 61% before last week’s FOMC meeting.
US Dollar FAQs
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022. Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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