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“金发姑娘”神话破灭?“三只熊”同时出没 华尔街最不安一幕上演:资金几乎无处可逃

FX1682026年3月23日 02:38
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 “金发姑娘”曾是过去几年牛市最贴切的关键词——经济增长不至于过热,通胀压力不至于失控,货币政策也仍有腾挪空间,市场因此得以在相对舒适的环境中持续上行。但如今,市场面对的却更像是“三只熊”同时逼近:油价、黄金和美联储,正共同构成华尔街新的压力源,而这一次,结局未必还会像童话故事那样美好。

上周,美股三大指数全线收低。道琼斯工业平均指数下跌2.1%,标普500指数下跌1.9%,纳斯达克综合指数也下跌2.1%。小盘股为主的罗素2000指数下跌1.7%,正式进入技术性回调区间。对于股市而言,出现回调本不罕见,真正令投资者感到不安的是跌势的持续性与广度。以道指为例,其已连续四周下跌,创下三年来最长连跌纪录。

油价飙升 正逼近股市承压“临界点”

当前市场最棘手的问题之一,仍然是油价。即便霍尔木兹海峡明天就恢复通行,全球石油供应要真正修复也需要数月时间,因为油田与炼厂重启本身就是一个缓慢过程。这意味着,无论是油价前景,还是冲突持续时间,当前看起来都在朝更糟方向发展。#洞见2026#

在某些情况下,汽油价格上涨未必会立刻拖累标普500指数,因为美国消费者有时会通过减少储蓄来维持支出,而消费类企业利润受损,也可能在一定程度上被大宗商品生产商收益上升所抵消。但摩根大通策略师Dubravko Lakos-Bujas指出,油价上涨存在一个“不可逆转点”,一旦涨幅过快、过猛,市场影响就会由中性甚至偏正面转向明显负面。通常而言,当油价在短时间内上涨约30%时,这种逆转就会出现。而截至目前,布伦特原油和WTI原油本月涨幅已分别达到55%和47%。

美联储也陷入两难:抗通胀还是保增长?

但伊朗战争并非市场唯一的压力来源。美联储同样处境尴尬。在上周三结束的联邦公开市场委员会会议上,美联储决定维持利率不变,但油价上涨可能推高通胀,同时更高的能源成本又可能拖累经济增长,使政策制定者陷入典型的两难境地。

从理论上讲,面对这类由地缘冲突引发的油价冲击,美联储或许应该“看穿”短期价格波动,将重点放在支持经济上。然而,联邦基金利率期货当前显示,市场对今年加息的预期反而高于降息,这表明投资者并不认为美联储会轻易转向宽松,而且这种判断并非毫无依据。

3Fourteen Research联合创始人Warren Pies指出,从舆论和政策形象角度来看,美联储几乎不可能轻易忽视通胀风险。“如果美联储不表现出对通胀的警惕,它就有可能被指责纵容物价失控。”他说。

更糟的是:传统避险资产也不再安全

眼下最令市场不安的,或许还不是股市本身,而是“几乎无处可躲”。随着利率上升,美国国债也遭遇抛售。追踪20年以上长期美债表现的iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF上周下跌1.6%,显示债券这个传统避险资产同样承压。

而黄金也未能发挥避险作用。尽管黄金一直被视为安全资产,但它刚刚录得按美元计价的史上最糟糕周跌幅,单周下跌近10.5%。金价之所以下跌,主要受到美元走强、“利率将在更长时间维持高位”的预期,以及中东地区政府和企业在高油价背景下可能出售资产所带来的额外压力影响。与此同时,那些此前大举押注黄金的投资者,如今在其他资产上遭遇亏损,也被迫抛售黄金以填补资金缺口。

Gavekal Research首席美国经济学家Will Denyer警告称,原本支撑黄金上涨的主要催化剂如今似乎都在减弱,但金价本身仍处于极度拉伸状态,“这是一种相当危险的组合”。

标普年底仍看涨?但上行之路越来越陡

尽管如此,大多数华尔街策略师目前仍维持对标普500指数年底更高水平的预测。摩根大通就是其中之一。该行虽然在上周三将标普500年底目标位从7500点下调至7200点,但依然认为指数年内还有上行空间。

不过,考虑到标普500目前仅处于6506点附近,市场若想走到这一目标,难度显然已经大幅上升。科技“七巨头”上周再跌2.6%,持续承压;私募信贷问题仍令人担忧;而投资者也正在重新认识到一件事:特朗普并不总会在关键时刻“退缩”。

整体来看,当前市场所面临的,并不是单一利空,而是一整套相互交织的压力系统:油价飙升冲击增长与通胀、美联储难以轻易转向、传统避险资产同步失灵、核心科技股继续回调。在这样的背景下,过去那种依靠“金发姑娘”叙事支撑的乐观预期,正在被现实不断削弱。

或许,市场真的该停止相信童话了。

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