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霍尔木兹大战将启?“的黎波里”号压境波斯湾,美军大规模集结或将出手

FX1682026年3月19日 01:22
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 中东局势再度升温。以色列媒体周三(3月18日)晚间援引官员消息称,以色列方面已探测到美国在波斯湾地区出现显著军事集结,包括两栖攻击舰“的黎波里”号(USS Tripoli)在内的美军力量正在部署之中,目的是为一场旨在结束伊朗对霍尔木兹海峡封锁的行动做准备。尽管这一“即将展开军事行动”的具体说法目前主要来自以色列媒体报道,但美军增派“的黎波里”号、海军陆战队及配套作战力量赴中东,已获美国媒体和军方相关报道印证。


(来源:Turkiye Today)

据报道,一名以色列消息人士对Kan News表示,此类行动大约需要两周时间。不过,更广泛的评估认为,只要伊朗继续阻止船只通过霍尔木兹海峡,整场行动就可能持续数周。虽然这一时间表尚未得到白宫正式确认,但《华尔街日报》和Axios近期均指出,美国政府正同时推进护航联盟与更大规模地区部署,为海峡局势长期化做准备。

报道还称,以色列预计将参与这场行动,但初期角色相对有限。根据Kan News前一天的说法,以方最初将主要通过情报共享方式,为美国主导、并可能联合部分海湾国家展开的行动提供支持。就目前公开信息看,以色列“提供情报支持”的细节尚缺乏更广泛独立确认,但美国近期确实一直在推动多国参与与协同。

霍尔木兹海峡位于伊朗与阿曼之间,是全球最关键的海上能源咽喉之一。大约五分之一的全球石油供应需要每天通过这条水道,因此任何通行受阻都会迅速影响国际能源市场、航运保险成本以及全球贸易链条。随着伊朗持续袭击商船、油轮通行大幅减少,霍尔木兹海峡已从地区冲突前线,演变为决定全球能源价格走势的核心变量。

本周早些时候,美国总统特朗普已公开向北约盟友施压,称如果战略伙伴不协助重新开放霍尔木兹海峡,北约将面临“非常糟糕”的未来。特朗普在接受《金融时报》采访时强调,那些从这条航道中获益的国家,应当共同承担确保航运安全的责任,并警告说,若盟友拒绝回应或无动于衷,将对北约未来释放负面信号。与此同时,Axios和《华尔街日报》均报道称,特朗普政府正在推动一项国际联盟,为通过霍尔木兹海峡的商船提供军事护航。

不过,美国在盟友层面的推进并不顺利。Axios援引特朗普的说法称,多数北约成员国并不愿加入这一由美国主导的霍尔木兹联盟;《华尔街日报》也指出,虽然一些国家原则上愿意参与护航机制,但截至目前,尚无国家公开承诺派出具体军力或装备。各方仍在讨论,究竟是应在与伊朗敌对状态持续期间就启动护航,还是等局势进一步明朗之后再行动。

从军事部署看,“的黎波里”号及其搭载的海军陆战队远征部队被认为是当前局势下的重要增援。Axios此前披露,美国国防部长赫格塞思已下令将“的黎波里”号及其海军陆战队远征部队调往中东,这将为美军在该地区增加数千名海军陆战队员、多艘战舰以及F-35战机支持。Military.com则指出,这一部署意味着美国在霍尔木兹方向的姿态正在发生变化,显示华盛顿已意识到,单靠空袭与威慑,可能不足以恢复海峡的持续安全通行。

从市场层面看,这些动向意味着霍尔木兹海峡危机短期内恐难迅速缓解。无论是美军扩大海湾存在、特朗普一再要求盟友承担更多责任,还是盟友普遍不愿深度介入,都意味着恢复航运安全将是一场复杂且高风险的长期博弈。只要霍尔木兹海峡无法恢复稳定通航,国际油价、天然气运输、航运保险和全球通胀预期都将继续受到冲击。

整体来看,当前局势已不再只是“是否组建护航联盟”的问题,而是美国究竟会以多大力度介入霍尔木兹海峡危机、盟友又愿意承担多少成本的问题。对全球市场而言,真正关键的不只是海峡何时重开,而是重开过程本身是否会引发更大范围的地区军事升级。

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