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利率不动,但风险升温!加拿大央行警告油价飙升或重燃通胀

FX1682026年3月18日 15:40
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 加拿大央行周三(3月18日)宣布,将基准利率维持在2.25%不变,连续第三次按兵不动。尽管加拿大通胀近期回落至1.8%,但央行警告称,受伊朗战争影响,国际油价和天然气价格走高,可能在短期内重新推升通胀,加拿大经济也正因此面临更大波动与更多不确定性。

(图源:加拿大央行、CBC)

加拿大央行行长麦克勒姆(Tiff Macklem)在讲话中表示,加拿大经济本已承受多重压力,如今又面临新的外部冲击。“加拿大经济已经在应对许多挑战,而现在,我们又面临更多波动性。”

加拿大统计局本周公布的数据显示,2月份通胀率由1月份的2.3%降至1.8%。不过,加拿大央行指出,上述数据大多采集于美国和以色列发动相关打击行动之前,因此尚未充分反映中东局势升级对能源市场及通胀前景的影响。

央行表示,伊朗冲突对加拿大经济的实际冲击程度,将取决于油价上涨幅度以及冲突持续时间。麦克勒姆称,加拿大通胀率已经连续一年多维持在接近2%目标的水平,但近期局势变化意味着风险重新抬头。“正如我们所看到的,伊朗战争正导致油价大幅上升,这将在短期内推高通胀。”

尽管如此,加拿大央行仍选择维持政策利率不变。这也是该行连续第三次按兵不动。此前,加拿大央行曾在去年10月将利率从2.5%下调至当前水平。

央行指出,在战争推升能源价格、加大通胀压力的同时,加拿大经济增长却弱于预期,围绕《加美墨贸易协定》的不确定性也依然存在。当前来看,央行认为高能源价格迅速传导至其他商品和服务价格的风险仍相对可控,但如果能源价格持续处于高位,并对更广泛经济层面造成冲击,加拿大央行将准备作出回应。

麦克勒姆坦言,经济疲弱与通胀抬头并存,令央行面临两难局面。“若通过加息来遏制通胀,可能进一步削弱经济;若通过降息来支持增长,则可能令通胀明显高于目标水平。”

加拿大央行表示,下一次利率决议将于4月29日公布,届时还将同步发布最新一期《货币政策报告》,对加拿大经济前景作出更详细说明。

利率决议公布后,美元/加元自高位迅速回落。

(来源:FX168)

从经济基本面来看,加拿大经济表现仍偏疲弱。去年第三季度,加拿大国内生产总值(GDP)增长2.4%,但在第四季度却萎缩0.6%。进入2026年后,初步数据显示经济已恢复增长,但增速仍低于加拿大央行在今年1月《货币政策报告》中所作预测。

与此同时,就业市场也持续承压。加拿大统计局最新数据显示,去年年底录得的就业增长,在2026年前两个月基本被抵消,2月份失业率升至6.7%,显示劳动力市场依然疲软。

对于消费者而言,央行认为,油价上涨带来的通胀压力将直接挤压家庭购买力,使消费者可用于其他领域的支出减少。虽然能源出口价格走高有助于提振加拿大相关出口收入,但普通家庭仍将首先感受到生活成本上升的压力。

此外,加拿大央行还警告称,若霍尔木兹海峡关闭导致运输瓶颈加剧,除能源之外,其他大宗商品供应也可能受到波及,包括化肥在内的重要商品价格都可能受到影响,进一步加重消费者负担。

从更广泛的金融环境来看,加拿大央行指出,当前全球市场风险偏好下降,股市走低、信用利差扩大、全球债券收益率上升,外部环境整体趋于紧张,这也为加拿大经济前景增添更多变数。

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