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风向突变!特朗普再度喊话鲍威尔,但市场已悄然转向:美联储年内或仅降息一次

FX1682026年3月12日 21:03
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 随着能源价格攀升、通胀忧虑再度升温,市场对美联储降息的预期正在迅速降温。交易员近日已放弃对美联储在初夏启动降息的押注,这一预期转变恰逢美以对伊朗发动打击、国际油价飙升至每桶100美元附近之后。

在冲突爆发前,根据芝商所(CME) FedWatch工具的测算,市场原本预期美联储将在6月降息25个基点,并很可能在9月再次降息;若经济数据进一步转弱,甚至还存在年内降息三次的可能性。

当时支撑这一判断的逻辑在于,美国劳动力市场趋软、通胀逐步放缓,以及一位更偏鸽派的新主席将在5月上任,可能推动美联储转向宽松立场。但至少在伊朗局势持续发酵期间,市场如今认为,抑制通胀仍将是美联储的首要任务。

高盛经济学家在周三发布的一份报告中写道:“更高的通胀路径将使美联储更难在短期内启动降息。

高盛已正式调整其利率预测,将下一次降息时间从6月推迟至9月。不过,该机构仍预计,美联储在2026年底前还有可能再降息一次。

高盛同时指出:“如果劳动力市场比我们预期更早、更明显地走弱,我们并不认为对更高油价推升通胀及通胀预期的担忧,会成为更早降息的障碍。”

9月降息也被动摇 市场只押注年末行动

但并非所有市场参与者都如此乐观。

根据芝商所的数据,联邦基金利率期货交易员甚至已将9月降息的可能性基本排除,目前只计入一次降息,且时间落在12月。

不仅如此,市场目前几乎没有为2027年中之前的进一步降息定价,甚至部分押注已被推迟至2028年初。这一预期发生在外界普遍认为特朗普任命的下一任美联储主席凯文·沃什(Kevin Warsh)将更倾向于激进宽松的背景下。现任主席鲍威尔将于5月卸任。

未来这一利率路径预期能否持续,很大程度上仍取决于中东局势如何演变。若地缘紧张局势缓和,市场风险情绪有望恢复正常,也可能重新点燃对更早降息的期待。

特朗普再催降息 PCE数据成关键风向标

即便布伦特原油已收于每桶100美元上方,美国总统特朗普仍再次公开施压鲍威尔降息。

他在Truth Social上发文称:“美联储主席杰罗姆·‘太迟’·鲍威尔今天在哪里?他应该立刻降息,而不是等到下一次会议!

(来源:Truth Social)

市场接下来将迎来新的通胀考验。美国商务部将于周五上午公布1月个人消费支出(PCE)物价指数数据。接受道琼斯调查的经济学家预计,美联储高度关注的核心PCE年率将升至3.1%。

若结果符合预期,这将较去年12月上升0.1个百分点,也意味着通胀将进一步偏离美联储2%的目标。这同时表明,在伊朗冲突爆发前,美国国内通胀压力就已经存在,而这可能进一步强化美联储对降息前景的谨慎态度。

美国银行经济学家Stephen Juneau在一份报告中表示,尽管住房等一些关键组成部分已显现稳定甚至回落迹象,但总体而言,通胀“一直处于横盘状态,且仍高于与核心PCE 2%目标相符的水平”。

他表示:“结论是,美联储不应急于进一步放松利率。”

美联储负责制定利率政策的联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)将于3月18日公布下一次利率决议。当前,交易员几乎一致认为,美联储届时将维持利率不变,按兵不动的概率接近100%。

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