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白宫酝酿重磅行动!特朗普政府考虑暂停百年《琼斯法案》 以应对油价飙升

FX1682026年3月12日 18:37
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特(Karoline Leavitt)周四(3月12日)表示,特朗普政府正考虑在限定时期内暂停执行已有百年历史的《琼斯法案》(Jones Act),以确保能源产品和农业必需品能够在美国港口之间顺畅运输,从而应对伊朗相关局势引发的供应链扰动。

莱维特在声明中表示:“出于国家防务利益考虑,白宫正在考虑在有限时间内豁免《琼斯法案》,以确保关键能源产品和农业必需品能够自由运往美国各港口。”#伊朗危机追踪#
她同时强调:“这一行动尚未最终敲定。”

据路透社援引两位知情人士报道,相关决定最早可能于周四公布,主要目的是应对美以对伊朗开战以来燃料价格飙升及其他供应扰动问题。

对特朗普及共和党而言,高企的汽油价格具有明显政治风险。共和党长期以来一直强调,其能源政策将有助于维持美国消费者可承受的燃油价格。若加油站油价持续上涨,不仅可能削弱这一政策主张,也可能令民主党获得更多批评空间,指责政府未能保护家庭免受生活成本上升冲击,尤其是在11月中期选举临近、选民对通胀依然高度敏感的背景下。

美国汽车协会(AAA)数据显示,美国全国汽油零售均价周四升至每加仑3.60美元,为2024年5月以来首次触及这一水平;柴油价格则升至每加仑4.89美元,创下2022年12月以来最高水平。

根据《琼斯法案》,美国港口之间运输的货物,必须由美国建造、悬挂美国旗帜且大部分由美国公司拥有的船只承运。这一规定大幅限制了可用于美国国内运输的油轮数量。

如果临时豁免该法案,外国船只将被允许在美国港口之间运输燃料,这可能有助于降低运输成本并加快交货速度。

美国最大农业游说组织——美国农场局联合会(American Farm Bureau Federation)曾于3月9日致信特朗普,要求豁免《琼斯法案》,以提升美国国内运输能力,并警告称,由于霍尔木兹海峡运输受扰,化肥价格上涨正给农民带来压力。

历史上,美国极少动用《琼斯法案》豁免权,通常仅限于重大供应中断情形。最近几次豁免出现在2017年飓风“哈维”(Harvey)和“玛丽亚”(Maria)之后,当时美国国土安全部临时允许外国旗船舶在美国港口之间运输燃料,以缓解燃料短缺并加快向受灾地区输送物资。

美国最近一次豁免《琼斯法案》是在2022年10月,当时一艘油轮获准前往波多黎各,在飓风“菲奥娜”(Fiona)过后运送物资。拜登政府也曾在2021年因美国东海岸一条主要燃油管道遭网络攻击,而临时放宽相关规定,以帮助炼油商Valero Energy Corp.应对运输问题。

这也与此前有关特朗普政府正积极评估多种方案以遏制油价飙升的报道相呼应,其中包括放宽《琼斯法案》要求,以缓解美国国内航运瓶颈,更快将墨西哥湾沿岸供应运往需求旺盛的沿海地区。

在相关表态中,美国能源部长克里斯·赖特(Chris Wright)还表示,政府并未考虑通过限制美国能源出口来压低国内价格,这与特朗普政府当前政策方向一致,即优先通过增加国内供应流动和加强国际协调来应对价格压力,而非采取可能扰乱全球市场的出口限制措施。

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