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知名经济学家发出重磅预警:美国下一场严重衰退,可能就在2027年

FX1682026年3月10日 19:37
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 长期以来被视为华尔街重要宏观观察人士之一的罗森伯格研究公司(Rosenberg Research)总裁大卫·罗森伯格(David Rosenberg)周二(3月10日)表示,美国经济可能正在走向2027年的一场严重收缩,从而结束过去数年展现出的强劲韧性。

罗森伯格在接受采访时指出,美国之所以能够在过去几年持续避免陷入衰退,关键在于两项重要“缓冲垫”仍在发挥作用:一是大规模财政刺激,二是持续涌入人工智能(AI)领域的巨额投资。但他认为,这两股力量未来都可能逐步衰减。

他说:“我们可能会在2027年经历一场非常严重的衰退,因为企业支出届时将面临真空。”

罗森伯格还表示,在美国民众今年收到退税之后,经济可能还能获得两到三个月的“续命期”,但之后更严重的问题或许会逐渐显现。

过去几年,财政刺激和AI相关投资一直是推动美国经济增长的重要引擎。首先,美国经济曾受到特朗普总统《大而美》法案的显著提振。该法案延续了2017年的减税政策,并推出了一系列其他旨在刺激经济的财政措施。根据税务基金会(Tax Foundation)的估算,从长期来看,该法案预计可将美国GDP提高1.2个百分点。

不过,罗森伯格认为,这类财政刺激在今年11月中期选举之后可能面临不确定性。他提到,民主党有可能重新掌控国会,这意味着未来两年美国国会更可能陷入政策僵局。在他看来,这种局面将导致当前支撑经济增长的财政刺激在2027年可能“缺席”。

与此同时,罗森伯格认为,AI相关支出可能会在2026年的某个时候见顶。他指出,科技巨头目前已在数据中心建设上投入数以十亿美元计的资金。根据对企业声明的统计分析,亚马逊、谷歌、Meta和微软这四家站在AI热潮核心位置的科技巨头,今年在AI相关资本开支上的总投入预计将接近6000亿美元。

(图源:Business Insider)

罗森伯格估计,如果再考虑科技股上涨带来的财富效应,那么AI资本开支可能在近几年推动了大约90%的经济增长。

他说:“明年我们将失去两根拐杖。趁这轮资本开支繁荣还在,好好享受吧。”

在财政支持和AI投资支撑逐渐减弱的背景下,美国经济可能失去关键支撑,而此时经济增长本身看上去已经更加脆弱。美国经济分析局数据显示,第四季度实际GDP按年率计算增长1.4%,明显低于前一季度4.4%的年增长率。

与此同时,美国家庭的财务压力似乎也在上升。过去一年,美国招聘活动明显放缓,而裁员人数则有所增加。

反映消费者财务健康状况的个人储蓄率在去年年底降至3.6%,较2025年初下降了150个基点。

罗森伯格进一步警告称,如果股市出现较为明显的调整,削弱所谓的“财富效应”,消费者就可能进一步缩减支出,并最终触发衰退。

他说:“没有就业增长,就没有收入增长。试想一下,如果人们被迫勒紧裤腰带,按照真实收入水平来消费,会发生什么。”

随着伊朗战争引发市场波动,华尔街近期也开始再次出现有关衰退和滞胀风险的讨论声浪。

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