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华尔街老兵警告:美国89%经济已陷“隐形衰退”,只是被“新经济”撑着

FX1682026年3月5日 20:27
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 尽管美国经济表现出超出市场预期的韧性,但一位资深华尔街人士警告称:美国之所以尚未陷入全面衰退,很大程度上是被科技行业“撑住了”。

拥有40多年华尔街从业经验的市场策略师Jim Paulsen在周四(3月5日)发布的Substack文章中表示,美国经济的大部分领域实际上已经处于衰退之中,只是科技相关支出对经济增长的影响权重过大,令总体数据看起来仍然“过得去”,而所谓“旧经济”则在持续挣扎。

“科技或许是‘尾巴在摇狗’,但经济其他部分换个说法就是衰退,”Paulsen写道。

“旧经济”已陷入衰退

Paulsen指出,2025年美国实际私人部门GDP增长2.3%,但几乎全部增长都来自他所称的“新经济时代(new era)”驱动。

他写道:“如果剔除新经济时代的投资,其余占比89%的私人实际支出仅增长1%,并且没有创造就业。”

通常而言,实际GDP被视为衡量经济增长的重要指标,但近年该指标可能受到政府支出、税制变化以及关税引发的供需波动等因素干扰。Paulsen认为,聚焦“实际私人GDP”可以剔除部分扭曲,更能反映经济内生动能。

他进一步提出质疑称:“当私人经济中89%的部分处于衰退,而另外11%正在繁荣——且这些‘新经济追求’天然具有‘通缩性/抑通胀’特征——我们是否还需要继续把主要注意力放在通胀上?”

“新经济”繁荣拉升整体增长

Paulsen将企业对信息处理设备和知识产权的投入,作为衡量“新经济时代支出”的指标,其中包括大型科技公司在人工智能(AI)领域的巨额资本开支。

他发现,“新经济”这一子项的增速几乎是传统私人部门支出的2.5倍,而且这种差距在近些年还在继续扩大。

(图源:PaulsenPerspectives.Substack.com)

根据他的测算,2025年“新经济”私人支出增长约14%,而剔除科技集中子项后的私人支出仅增长约1%。

Paulsen写道:“总体而言,新经济相关活动增长迅猛,其对美国整体经济的影响权重,相对于旧经济活动已经变得异常突出。”

“新旧经济分化”与股市的“七巨头VS其余493只股票”类似

Paulsen将这种分化类比为股市叙事中的“美股七巨头(Magnificent Seven)”与标普500其余493只股票之间的差异:总指数表现看似稳健,但大量成分股并不强。

他指出,近期市场确实出现涨势扩散迹象,而对AI冲击的担忧以及伊朗战争相关因素,也在推动资金从此前的科技龙头向更广泛板块轮动。

但从宏观层面看,“新经济”与“旧经济”的裂缝反映的是更深层次的二元分化。

“当总统、美联储主席、经济学家、财经评论员和媒体暗示整体实际GDP增长仍然不错时,他们忽略了一个事实:就像股市一样,尽管总量数据看起来尚可,但经济的绝大部分——89%——并不好!”Paulsen写道。

他认为,这一结构性分化可能解释了为何经济学界对前景判断分歧明显,也可能解释了为何美国公众对经济的感受偏负面,而部分宏观数据却显示“仍在增长”。

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