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市场严阵以待!美伊冲突冲击波或远超委内瑞拉,专家警告:切勿进行“英雄式押注”

FX1682026年2月28日 23:42
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 在美国确认已对伊朗展开“重大作战行动”后,市场观察人士警告,新一周开盘或迎来明显的避险冲击。分析认为,此次事态升级的市场影响可能远超近期其他地缘政治事件,油价、黄金和避险货币料将受到提振,而全球股市则可能面临明显抛压。

美国总统特朗普表示,美军已开始在伊朗展开“重大作战行动”。据路透社援引一名未具名伊朗官员的话称,德黑兰南部多个政府部门成为打击目标。

近期市场对多项冲击表现出较强的“免疫力”,包括特朗普宣布将美国所有进口商品关税上调至15%,以及美方对委内瑞拉前总统马杜罗采取行动等。但部分机构认为,伊朗局势的影响层级明显更高。

Santa Lucia Asset Management首席投资官Florian Weidinger表示:“这件事的影响远大于委内瑞拉。”他指出,委内瑞拉更多只是特定重质原油供应的问题,而伊朗则涉及更关键的能源与航运通道风险。

“因此风险更大。预计下周油价可能出现更为剧烈的上涨。”他补充道。

长期以来,石油市场一直对中东供应中断的风险表现得不以为意。 前白宫能源顾问、曾任职于小布什政府的Bob McNally指出,交易员们低估了伊朗针对美国袭击采取报复行动所带来的威胁。

McNally表示,伊朗可能会试图通过威慑霍尔木兹海峡的商业航运安全来“恐吓”特朗普,这可能导致油价飙升至100美元/桶以上。

“如果霍尔木兹海峡面临长期封锁,全球经济衰退将不可避免,”McNally警告称。

油价或飙升,资金转向避险

委内瑞拉目前日产原油约80万桶,远低于上世纪90年代350万桶/日的峰值。

UOB Kay Hian新加坡私人财富管理主管Kenneth Goh指出:“委内瑞拉是产量故事,伊朗则是‘咽喉要道’故事。”

霍尔木兹海峡位于阿曼与伊朗之间,是全球最重要的石油运输要道之一。根据市场情报公司Kpler的数据,2025年约有1300万桶/日的原油经由霍尔木兹海峡运输,占全球海运原油流量的约31%。

2025年6月以色列打击伊朗核设施时,股市开盘急跌,但在确认霍尔木兹海峡未受干扰后迅速修复。Goh表示:“周一市场将参考这一模式。”他预计可能出现避险资金流入美元、日元及黄金。

Natixis亚太首席经济学家Alicia García-Herrero预计周一市场开盘将“艰难且偏向避险”,全球股市可能下跌1%至2%甚至更多,美国国债收益率或下降5至10个基点,油价可能上涨5%至10%。但她提醒投资者“不要做英雄式押注”,应等待伊朗方面的回应。

短期冲突还是“政权更迭”?

部分资金经理指出,市场近期已逐步建立避险仓位,这可能在一定程度上缓冲初期波动。

Weidinger表示,近期跨资产走势已显露“轻微危机环境”特征,包括油价走强与美债需求上升。

Quantum Strategy的David Roche则认为,市场反应的关键在于冲突持续时间以及伊朗是否试图关闭霍尔木兹海峡。如果冲突短暂且局限,避险行情与油价飙升可能较为短暂。

但如果演变为持续三至五周的“政权更迭行动”,市场将“反应相当负面”,因为投资者将开始为更广泛冲突及长期能源供应中断计价。

Global X ETFs投资策略师Billy Leung指出,若伊朗展开长期报复,对亚洲市场影响尤为显著,因亚洲经济高度依赖稳定的能源供应与贸易航线。他预计全球股市开盘将走低,波动性上升,高贝塔与周期性板块承压尤为明显。

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