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“最大风险不是市场波动”!桥水创始人达利欧警告:投资者财富面临重大威胁

FX1682026年2月25日 05:25
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FX168财经报社(亚太)讯 如果亿万富翁对冲基金经理、桥水基金(Bridgewater Associates)创始人瑞·达利欧(Ray Dalio)的判断是正确的,那么当今投资者面临的最大风险并非市场波动,而是财富被摧毁。

(截图来源:雅虎财经)

达利欧最近在社交媒体平台X上分享他所著《应对变化中的世界秩序的原则》(Principles for Dealing with the Changing World Order)一书的章节。这本书于2021年疫情正盛之际出版。

当时,人们已经逐渐从未知带来的冲击中缓过神来,开始学会与新冠疫情共存。市场、各国政府以及央行纷纷注入数万亿美元资金,以确保从2020年的崩盘中复苏。

尽管这推动了散户参与度的提升和风险偏好的改善,但市场波动依然剧烈,通胀担忧也日益加剧。

对于当时试图在不可预测环境中寻找方向的投资者来说,这本书具有现实意义。

不过,达利欧如今再次提及书中提出的一个概念——“大周期”(Big Cycle)。而当前的市场环境显示,我们或许正在见证历史重演。

达利欧眼中的威胁

“大周期”是一种长期运行的规律性模式,往往会持续数十年。在这一周期中,各国会在经济、政治和金融层面经历崛起与衰落。

达利欧警告称,这一周期中最危险的部分发生在后期阶段。在这个阶段,财富可能被迅速抹去,货币被贬值,传统投资组合也无法有效保护资本。

在达利欧看来,市场主要由四股力量驱动:经济增长、通胀、风险溢价以及贴现率。政府会通过财政和货币政策影响这四个因素。当债务累积到不可持续的水平时,政策制定者通常会采取印钞、压低利率以及重组债务等方式来应对。

结果是什么?股票、债券和现金等金融资产的实际价值可能会缩水。

达利欧指出,信贷驱动的金融承诺如今已超过实际有形资产,这正是周期后期阶段的一个典型信号。

达利欧告诫投资者,不要只研究1950年之后美国的繁荣时期,他将那段时期形容为一个异常稳定且繁荣的阶段。他建议投资者回顾20世纪初的历史——当时全球十大强国中有七个因战争、债务违约或内部动荡而几乎遭遇财富的全面毁灭。在许多情况下,投资者的储蓄被没收,市场被关闭,或者货币崩溃。

达利欧说:“如果我没有研究1945年新世界秩序建立之前那段时期的投资回报情况,我就不会看到这些毁灭性的阶段。如果我没有回溯全球过去500年的历史,我也不会发现这种情况几乎在世界各地反复上演。”

达里奥指出,当前市场存在类似的情形,并建议投资者构建“全天候”多元化投资组合:用股票获取增长,以黄金和大宗商品对冲风险,同时对长期债券保持谨慎,尤其是在通胀和货币风险依然高企的环境下。

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