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【美股收评】标普500再创收盘新高!美医保“黑天鹅”突袭 保险巨头集体暴跌

FX1682026年1月28日 00:43
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 美国股市周二(1月27日)延续“分化行情”。在大型科技股走强、市场押注AI叙事仍将主导本周财报季的背景下,标普500指数盘中刷新历史新高,纳指同步上扬;但医疗保险板块因医保支付提案引发集体跳水,联合健康大跌拖累道指走弱。与此同时,投资者正把焦点转向周三出炉的美联储年内首次利率决议,市场普遍预计联储将维持利率不变,但更关注对未来降息路径的信号。

周二,标普500指数在科技股推动下触及历史盘中新高,交易员一边消化密集披露的企业财报,一边等待“七巨头”即将登场的关键业绩。

收盘方面,标普500指数上涨0.40%,收报6878.60点;纳斯达克综合指数上涨0.91%,收报23817.098点;道琼斯工业平均指数下跌408.99点至49003.41点,跌幅为0.83%,主要受联合健康(UnitedHealth)拖累。

(图源:FX168)

科技板块继续成为主要推力。苹果股价上涨逾1%,微软上涨逾2%。

随着财报季进入高密度阶段,市场预计到本周结束时将有超过90家标普500成分公司完成业绩披露。周三将迎来Meta、微软以及同为“七巨头”的特斯拉发布财报,苹果则定于周四公布业绩,AI相关指引被普遍视为市场短线方向的关键变量。#AI热潮:从芯片到资本的竞赛#

Globalt Investments高级投资组合经理Thomas Martin指出,投资者正在紧盯任何能提供AI叙事“含金量”的信息,尤其是企业的资本开支水平,以及AI商业化(变现)进展。

“市场关注的不仅是他们在资本开支(capex)和运营开支(opex)上花了多少钱,更是管理层对AI变现路径的评论,”他说。

值得注意的是,去年年底“AI交易”核心标的曾受到估值过高担忧困扰,市场一度担心科技板块出现泡沫迹象。Martin认为,尽管AI投资回报等问题仍存疑,但投资者风险偏好在未来一两年仍可能保持。

他表示:“AI不会消失,数据中心建设不会消失,模型的使用、智能体、机器人等方向也会持续推进——整体趋势仍将向前,只是过程会有反复,但偏向积极。”

展望后市,市场更大的“哨声”来自美联储。本周将迎来美联储年内首次政策决议,联储被普遍预计将把基准利率维持在3.5%—3.75%区间不变,但交易员将从声明措辞与鲍威尔表态中寻找未来降息时点的线索。根据CME FedWatch工具,联邦基金期货交易仍暗示到2026年底前可能出现两次各25个基点的降息预期。

整体来看,周二美股呈现出典型的“科技强、医疗弱、等待美联储”的结构:一方面,AI财报与资本开支指引驱动风险资产情绪;另一方面,政策变量对特定行业的冲击凸显,资金在板块间快速重新定价。

医保“黑天鹅”引爆抛售 保险股集体跳水

与科技股的强势形成鲜明对比的是,医疗保险板块周二遭遇剧烈回撤,成为拖累大盘的重要变量。报道称,美国医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心(CMS)提议在2027年将Medicare Advantage(联邦医保优势计划)保险机构的支付费率净上调仅0.09%,明显低于市场预期,触发相关个股集体跳水:Humana暴跌19%、CVS Health下跌13%,联合健康下挫19.61%,直接压制道指表现。

(来源:CNBC)

在政策冲击之外,联合健康自身指引也进一步放大了市场恐慌。日内早些时候,联合健康表示其营收将出现至少三十年来首次下降。这家美国保险巨头正主动收缩业务规模,同时面临联邦医保资金可能被压缩的压力。公司在2026年展望中称,计划将其保险服务覆盖人数削减200多万人,并预计今年营收将下降2%至4390亿美元。

前一交易日美股收盘后,CMS公布了2027年联邦医保优势计划支付费率的拟议方案。根据该方案,2027年Medicare Advantage仅实现平均0.09%的净支付增长;而在此之前,分析师普遍预计支付费率将增长4%至6%。这一落差令市场措手不及,也被视为保险股当日暴跌的核心导火索。

政策转向迅速引发行业组织强烈担忧。美国健康保险计划协会(AHIP)发言人表示,该提案“可能导致3500万老年人和残疾人在10月份续保时面临福利削减与保费上涨”。在覆盖人群规模方面,Medicare约覆盖3400万美国人,而联合健康在其中的敞口尤为突出。研究机构KFF数据显示,联合健康去年在Medicare Advantage项目下为990万人提供保险服务。

奥本海默分析师指出,保险公司正面临“严峻的政治环境”,这在共和党执政时期并不常见。他们强调,在通胀多年来持续高于历史水平的情况下,Medicare费率调整却明显落后于通胀趋势,意味着行业利润空间可能继续承压。

此外,联合健康还披露,美国司法部正在就公司的Medicare账单项目展开刑事调查,进一步加深市场对其合规与潜在成本压力的担忧,也使该股在政策冲击之上承受额外的风险溢价打击。

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