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就业数据疲软引发美债狂潮 市场预测:美联储降息步伐“更快、更大”

FX1682024年8月2日 13:44
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 在一份报告显示7月份就业增长疲软后,美国国债市场在周五迎来了上涨潮。该数据进一步刺激了市场对美联储今年将积极降息的预期。

政府数据显示雇主增加的职位远低于预期,失业率上升,7月份雇主增加了114,000个职位,而失业率上升至4.3%。

对美联储政策最敏感的2年期国债收益率下降了最多31个基点,至3.84%,为一年多来的最低点。所有到期的国债收益率至少下跌了12个基点,其中基准10年期国债收益率从4%以下进一步下探至3.79%。

市场现在预计美联储将在今年剩余的三次会议中每次降息25个基点,共计降息100个基点,并预计2024年将有约108个基点的降息,这暗示可能有一次半个百分点的降息。更有交易员明确押注美联储将在9月开始放宽政策,预计将大幅降息0.5个百分点。利率期货合约目前反映出下个月降息0.5个百分点的可能性约为70%,而报告前预期的是降息25个基点的可能性为70%。这些预期促使国债市场连续第七天上涨。

“市场开始认为美联储降息的时机已经太晚了,”Mischler Financial Group的利率销售和交易部门董事总经理Tony Farren表示。

在美联储本周保持利率不变后,市场对美国利率的预期出现了急剧调整。尽管美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔暗示美联储官员计划在下次会议上降低利率,但周四的经济报告显示失业救济申请增加和制造业疲软,令投资者担心美联储可能已经落后于经济形势。

BMO资本市场的美国利率策略主管Ian Lyngen表示,这种定价的转变“反映了投资者对联邦公开市场委员会可能需要比25个基点的季度节奏更快降息的日益担忧,因为经济逆风不断加剧。”

鲍威尔在周三重申,美联储在决定降息时是依据数据的,并强调政策制定者必须意识到等待过久对劳动市场的风险。

在会议前,前纽约联储主席威廉·达德利和穆罕默德·埃尔-埃利安警告说,美联储有可能因利率保持过高时间过长而犯错误。他们均在彭博社撰写专栏时提出了这一观点。

与担保隔夜融资利率相关的1200万美元期权押注显现出,预计到2025年中期将有225个基点的降息。尽管近期赌注激增,但市场仍预期届时降息约160个基点。

利率策略师Edward Bolingbroke表示, “近期进入战术性多头仓位的债券交易员正处于赢利状态,但面临着周五薪资报告带来的重大风险,这可能导致对看涨押注的快速获利挤压。这可能会阻碍10年期收益率在4%以下的持续走势。”

随着市场在周五大举押注劳动力市场疲软和美联储大幅降息,一些人对可能出现的高于预期的就业报告感到谨慎。其他人则把任何收益率的上升视为购买美国国债的机会。

Brandywine全球投资管理公司的投资组合经理Jack McIntyre表示:“用美联储的术语来说,就业数据似乎呈现出较少的强劲而更多的平衡。”在这种背景下,市场可能将就业报告视为“异常现象”,如果报告结果强劲,国债的任何弱点都是购买机会。

这让人想起2024年初的情况,当时投资者预期全年将有超过七次降息,但随后被迫重新评估其前景。

彭博美国国债指数在7月份上涨了2.2%,结束了连续三个月的涨势,并收于两年来的最高点。其他固定收益市场也受到影响,货币市场押注欧洲中央银行和英格兰银行将进一步降息。

德国两年期国债收益率——对货币政策变化最为敏感的之一——下降了4个基点,至2.41%,降幅已是三年来最长。在英国,债券收益率曲线继续变陡,10年期收益率超出两年期收益率幅度为2022年以来最大。上个月,它们结束了一年多的倒挂状态。

“担忧确实在增加,即美联储可能需要采取更快的调整路径以降低利率,”新加坡DBS集团控股公司的高级利率策略师Eugene Leow表示。“随着劳动市场问题的突出,市场可能更多地关注不对称风险。”

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