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“噩梦情形”被严重低估?前白宫顾问警告:这次不一样,油价或升破147美元

FX1682026年3月19日 22:09
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 自伊朗战争爆发以来,国际油价已累计上涨近50%。与此同时,市场对美国经济陷入衰退、甚至出现滞胀的担忧也在快速升温,美国消费者在加油站感受到的价格压力已经开始显现。

市场情绪显然不佳。但在能源咨询机构Rapidan Energy Group创始人兼总裁、前白宫顾问Bob McNally看来,问题在于——市场的反应甚至还不够悲观。#伊朗危机追踪#

McNally在周三(3月18日)接受采访时表示:“我惊讶的是,油市和交易员对我们眼下面临的问题规模,认识和定价的速度竟然这么慢。”

而就在当天晚些时候,伊朗为回应以色列的袭击,转而打击卡塔尔一处大型液化天然气综合设施,推动油价进一步大幅走高。

尽管当前能源价格已经明显上升,McNally仍认为,投资者整体上已经变得过于自满,低估了这场可能演变为历史上最大能源扰动事件的风险。在他看来,如果战争沿着当前轨迹继续发展,原油价格甚至可能突破2008年金融危机时期创下的147美元/桶历史高点。

更值得注意的是,McNally在作出这一判断时的语气并不夸张,反而异常平静。他并不把创纪录油价视为某种遥远的极端尾部风险;恰恰相反,他更惊讶的是,为什么这样的情形还没有发生,以及为什么投资者看不到他所看到的问题。

市场为何仍未真正恐慌?McNally点出两大偏见

在McNally看来,当前市场之所以仍未充分定价风险,主要受到两类典型心理偏差的影响。

第一,是“确认偏误”

他认为,投资者之所以对高油价保持相对镇定,本质上是在“闭着眼睛希望问题自己消失”。市场在刻意回避现实,更愿意把注意力放在一些临时性、局部性的缓解措施上,例如动用战略储备等,而不愿直面这场危机本身的严重程度。

McNally说:“这是一个一厢情愿地相信局势很快会结束的市场。就像一场他们原本以为根本不可能发生的噩梦。”

第二,是“近因偏误”

他还指出,投资者过去几年已经被一连串“来得快、去得也快”的油市冲击惯坏了。比如,2022年俄乌冲突爆发初期,油价曾快速飙升逾25%至128美元/桶,但几周内又迅速回落。

在这种经验影响下,市场逐渐形成了一个习惯:每逢油价飙升,就选择逢高抛售

McNally表示:“聪明钱、也就是交易员,已经学会了卖出这些油价飙升行情。自2019年以来,市场反复经历‘狼来了’式警报,大家已经习惯了。”

但他的核心判断是,这一次不同,而且绝大多数人还没有真正意识到这一点。

两种出路都不容易,市场终将被迫面对现实

McNally认为,无论投资者是否带着偏见,最终都不得不面对这场历史级能源扰动,除非出现以下两种情况之一:

第一,美国与伊朗达成停火协议,从而事实上恢复霍尔木兹海峡通航。但McNally坦言,他并不认为伊朗目前有意这样做。

第二,美国持续削弱伊朗当前威胁霍尔木兹海峡通行的军事能力,例如反舰巡航导弹阵地、无人机基地和炮兵火力点。一旦这些能力被消耗殆尽,海峡才可能重新恢复正常通行。但问题在于,这一过程还需要数周更长时间。

也正因为这两种可能的解决方案都难以迅速落地,McNally才会对当前油市局势作出如此直接且悲观的判断。

他在采访中多次承认,自己此次评论中的负面语气,其实并不符合他一贯风格。但他坚持认为,这就是自己眼下看到的现实:一个几乎没有简单政策解法的困局。

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