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全球最大买家变现!波兰拟抛售130亿美元黄金冲刺军备

FX1682026年3月5日 18:29
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 据知情人士披露,波兰央行行长已提交一项重大财务方案,拟通过变现部分黄金储备产生高达 480 亿兹罗提(约 130 亿美元)的收益。该计划得到了波兰总统的背书,旨在为波兰庞大的国防开支提供“利息成本为零”的本土融资替代方案。

周三(3月4日),波兰央行行长亚当·格拉平斯基(Adam Glapiński)在与总统纳夫罗茨基会晤时详述了这一提议。目前,作为特朗普政府的坚定盟友,纳夫罗茨基正寻求替代欧盟 1500 亿欧元“安全行动(SAFE)”计划。总统及其智囊团直言不讳地批评欧盟的“贷款换武器”项目不仅成本高昂,且其“欧洲优先”的采购限制将严重侵蚀波兰与华盛顿的战略契合度。

法律博弈与政策博弈

尽管该倡议极具诱惑力,但在华沙仍面临严峻的合规考验。根据波兰现行法律,央行被严禁直接向政府提供融资,但必须将其年度净利润的绝大部分上缴国库。与此针锋相对的是,亲欧盟的总理唐纳德·图斯克(Donald Tusk)则坚持主张动用波兰在欧盟 SAFE 计划中 440 亿欧元的配额。

格拉平斯基向总统提议,波兰国家银行(NBP)可通过减持当前约 550 吨黄金储备的部分头寸获取溢价收益,并保留未来回购的权力。此外,通过挖掘央行其他渠道的资金,仅今年一年就可额外释放 60 亿兹罗提。总统纳夫罗茨基表示,该计划的最终融资规模将达到 1850 亿兹罗提,完全足以覆盖原定由欧盟贷款支持的项目。

特朗普因素与防务主权

纳夫罗茨基对欧盟 SAFE 计划的抵制,与美国特朗普政府的立场高度一致。美国方面曾多次抨击欧盟计划是防御性的贸易保护主义,认为其限制采购非欧盟产武器(如 F-35)会损害盟友间的协同作战能力。

“如果我们认定美国的 F-35 战斗机是波兰武装部队的最优选,我们就应该通过‘波兰版 SAFE 0%’来购买它们,而不是背负昂贵的欧盟债务,”纳夫罗茨基强调。

全球最大的买家转向卖方?

波兰央行曾是全球公开报道中最激进的黄金买家。今年 1 月,其管理层还曾表示拟将持仓量推升至 700 吨以对抗地缘风险。然而,现在的战略转向意味着波兰可能利用金价处于历史高位的契机,将“硬资产”转化为“战斗力”。

格拉平斯基在周四的新闻发布会上安抚市场称,该计划不会导致储备实力的实质性萎缩,细节仍需在与高层(包括与欧洲央行)协商后敲定。他重申,只要配套立法到位,央行完全有能力每年向国防基金转移数百亿兹罗提的利润。

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