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全球市场恐慌升级!黄金大跌6.5%、白银重挫13%,避险逻辑为何突然失灵?

FX1682026年3月19日 19:19
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FX168财经报社(北美)讯 周四(3月19日),黄金和白银加入全球市场的广泛抛售潮,其中黄金跌幅一度超过6.5%,白银更一度重挫近13.1%,原因在于市场对伊朗战争升级及通胀风险的担忧持续笼罩全球金融市场。

现货黄金现下跌3.6%,交投于4644美元/盎司一线,日内稍早一度下跌超6.5%至4502.58美元。

(图源:CNBC)

与此同时,现货白银一度下跌超13%,最低触及65.515美元/盎司。

(图源:CNBC)

与黄金、白银相关的矿业股和交易所交易基金(ETF)在盘前交易中也全线承压。其中,ProShares Ultra Silver ETF在周四开盘前大跌20%;iShares Silver Trust ETF——这只ETF曾在今年早些时候成为“迷因交易”焦点——下跌近10%;Aberdeen的Physical Silver Shares ETF则下跌9.9%。

(图源:CNBC)

个股方面,矿业股跌幅同样明显。Teck Resources下跌8.9%,First Majestic Silver和Coeur Mining分别下跌10%和9.9%。

这一抛售行情在欧洲交易时段同样有所体现。欧洲Stoxx Europe基础资源指数下跌6%,全球最大白银生产商、同时也是重要黄金生产商的Fresnillo股价下跌9.3%,矿业巨头Antofagasta则下跌8.2%。

贵金属未能独善其身,全球市场进入同步抛售模式

黄金和白银的下跌,正值全球市场风险偏好急剧降温之际。当前,全球股市与政府债券同步走弱,欧洲股市早盘明显下挫,美国股指期货也预示美股开盘后可能继续下跌。

投资者正密切关注持续中的美伊战争。随着冲突进入第三周,市场愈发担忧这场战争可能引发新的能源冲击,并进一步推高全球通胀压力。本周二,在伊朗和卡塔尔的能源设施遭到袭击后,国际油价和天然气价格曾大幅飙升。

这一局势也正在影响全球央行判断。美联储周三维持利率不变,并提到战争带来的影响仍存在“高度不确定性”。日本央行同样选择按兵不动,并指出在伊朗战争背景下,当前通胀风险已明显偏向上行。

此外,包括英国和欧元区在内的多家欧洲央行也在周四公布了最新货币政策决定。瑞士央行在宣布维持关键政策利率于0%不变时,也点名提到伊朗战争因素,并表示,随着战争拖延,该行干预外汇市场的意愿正在上升。

2025年大涨后,2026年金银波动显著加剧

黄金和白银在2025年都曾出现创纪录涨势,全年分别上涨66%和135%。然而进入2026年后,两者的走势明显变得更加剧烈波动,其中白银期货在1月底甚至录得自上世纪80年代以来最大单日跌幅。

Kingswood Group投资管理主管Paul Surguy表示,黄金在过去一段时间一直受益于强劲顺风,但当前更广泛的市场环境,可能正促使投资者重新审视其持仓结构。

他指出,全球市场近来出现普遍抛售,投资者会优先寻找最容易变现的资产出售,而现在市场可能正进入这一阶段的下一轮,即连传统意义上的避险资产也开始被卖出,以腾出资金去买入此前被过度抛售的资产。

Paul Surguy还强调,随着空域和航运通道受阻,黄金的实物运输成本也在上升,甚至可能变得不可行。“需要记住的是,作为终极避险资产,黄金本质上是一种实物资产,而想真正体现其安全属性,就必须能够实际持有它。”

金价波动加大,金融投资者正成为边际主导力量

英国财富管理公司Netwealth首席投资官Iain Barnes表示,黄金价格波动加剧,反映出贵金属如今已更广泛地被纳入各类投资组合,成为一种更具金融属性的资产。

他指出,目前黄金市场中的边际买家更多是金融投资者,而不是基于实物需求的基本面买家。随着市场全面进入去风险模式,这些投资者正在同步降低风险敞口,尤其是那些高杠杆、交易节奏较快的基金,在融资成本上升的背景下,更倾向于迅速减仓。

AJ Bell市场主管Dan Coatsworth也在周二的一份报告中表示,黄金价格回落说明,投资者可能正在抛售此前表现良好的资产,或是在对美元进一步走强作出反应。

他指出,黄金通常会在美元升值时承压,因为对于其他货币的买家而言,美元计价的黄金将变得更加昂贵,从而削弱其吸引力。

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