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全球央行“爆买”黄金!上半年黄金购买创纪录 印度黄金储备激增

FX1682024年8月12日 00:42
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24K99讯 日本《日经亚洲》周日(8月11日)报道称,各国央行正在分散对美元的投资,同时在其储备中增加一种“无国籍货币”——黄金,以应对地缘政治紧张局势加剧和全球经济不确定性。

美元在全球外汇储备中的比例已从本世纪初的70%以上大幅下降。目前,美元在世界各国央行和政府持有的外汇储备中所占的份额处于历史低点。

俄罗斯攻打乌克兰引发美国的严厉制裁,将莫斯科排除在以美元为基础的全球金融体系之外,并促使新兴经济体积累不与任何特定国家挂钩的黄金。

外汇储备是各国央行在紧急情况下用来偿还外债和支付进口成本的资产。它们还为货币干预提供资金。这些外汇储备中有很多通常是以美元计价的资产,通常是易于兑换的美国国债。

根据国际货币基金组织(IMF)的数据,截至2024年3月,全球外汇储备余额总额为12.3499万亿美元,按货币分配计算,美元占58.9%。

这比2023年底的历史低点略微上升0.4%,但仍接近历史最低点。相比之下,美元在21世纪初的份额超过70%。

作为对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的回应,美国、欧洲和日本试图将俄罗斯排除在美元结算网络之外,并冻结了俄罗斯央行存放在其他国家央行的外汇储备。

瑞穗银行(Mizuho Bank)首席市场经济学家Daisuke Karakama说,这一举措导致全球各国将外汇储备从美元转向多元化,可能会青睐日元等资产。

随着各国继续实现储备多元化,黄金的购买量一直在增加。黄金以其稀有性和不受特定国家或企业信用风险影响而闻名。

全球各国央行在2023年的黄金净购买量约为1030吨,连续第二年净购买量超过1000吨;此前2022年达到创纪录的1082吨。

根据世界黄金协会(WGC)的统计数据,2024年第二季度,全球央行黄金净购买量约为183吨,同比增长6%。

(截图来源:《日经亚洲》)

而在今年上半年,全球央行的新增黄金购买量483吨,再创纪录新高,同比增长5%。

经济学家指出,鉴于市场对美元资产信心减弱、外汇市场波动加剧、美国利率高企,以及不少央行希望分散其储备资产类别,因此投资黄金仍然非常有意义。

中国央行7月份报告称,截至6月底,其黄金储备约为2264吨,由于国际金价高企,连续两个月保持这一水平。自2022年11月以来,中国央行已连续18个月增加黄金储备,增幅为16.3%。

与此同时,巴西央行公布,截至2023年底,其黄金储备率为2.6%,较上年上升0.08个百分点。

印度的黄金储备在大幅增加。截至7月底,这一数字为576亿美元,较上年同期增长30%。新加坡、菲律宾和其他国家似乎也在增持黄金。

印度经济学家表示,购买黄金的推动力既包括政治因素也包括经济因素:“特别是美元的‘可靠性’已经‘减弱’,人们对美元资产的信心‘明显下降’。”

俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争和中东的动荡仍然看不到尽头,而另一个可能的地缘政治风险正在逼近,那就是特朗普(Donald Trump)。

如果特朗普在11月的大选中再次入主白宫,美中之间的对抗将进一步加剧。在新兴经济体中,对持有美元的焦虑可能会进一步升级。

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