Cuộc họp báo cáo kết quả kinh doanh quý 3 năm 2026 của Redwire (RDW): Giá trị đơn hàng tồn đọng và biên lợi nhuận gộp kỷ lục

Điểm nhấn chính

• Doanh thu quý 3/2026 tăng 5,4% so với cùng kỳ năm trước lên 109,0 triệu USD, trong khi doanh thu lũy kế từ đầu năm tăng 42,6% lên 323,1 triệu USD.
• Biên lợi nhuận gộp đạt mức kỷ lục 32,3%, tăng từ mức 16,3% của cùng kỳ năm trước. Ban lãnh đạo cho biết sự cải thiện này đến từ cơ cấu hợp đồng, các hợp đồng mới trúng thầu gần đây và việc sắp hoàn thành các chương trình không gian có biên lợi nhuận thấp hơn.
• Giá trị đơn hàng mới đạt tổng cộng 188,7 triệu USD, đưa tỷ lệ book-to-bill lên 1,73. Giá trị đơn hàng tồn đọng theo hợp đồng tăng 14,3% so với quý trước và gần 75% so với cùng kỳ năm trước, đạt mức kỷ lục 619,7 triệu USD.
• Redwire báo lỗ ròng 23,2 triệu USD, cải thiện 18,0 triệu USD so với cùng kỳ năm trước, cùng EBITDA điều chỉnh âm 5,3 triệu USD do chi phí đầu tư R&D nội bộ gia tăng.
• Tổng thanh khoản vào cuối quý đạt 538,9 triệu USD, bao gồm 488,9 triệu USD tiền mặt, các khoản tương đương tiền và tiền mặt bị hạn chế sử dụng, cùng 50,0 triệu USD hạn mức tín dụng tuần hoàn chưa giải ngân.
• Ban lãnh đạo tái khẳng định dự báo doanh thu cả năm 2026 trong khoảng 450 triệu USD đến 500 triệu USD, được hỗ trợ bởi lượng đơn hàng tồn đọng cùng 46,8 triệu USD hàng tồn kho sản phẩm dở dang và thành phẩm trong mảng công nghệ quốc phòng.

Dữ liệu tài chính cốt lõi

Trong 9 tháng đầu năm 2026, doanh thu đạt 323,1 triệu USD, tăng 42,6% so với cùng kỳ năm trước. Thị trường Mỹ đóng góp 60% doanh thu, trong khi các thị trường quốc tế chiếm 40%.

Dòng tiền thuần sử dụng trong hoạt động kinh doanh trong 9 tháng kết thúc vào ngày 30 tháng 9 đã cải thiện 57,9 triệu USD so với cùng kỳ năm trước. Kết quả tài chính khả quan hơn đã bị bù trừ một phần bởi khoản đầu tư vào hàng tồn kho phục vụ các đợt bàn giao trong thời gian tới.

Hiệu quả kinh doanh và hoạt động

Giá trị đơn hàng mới mảng không gian đạt 119,9 triệu USD, tương ứng tỷ lệ book-to-bill quý là 1,96. Đơn hàng tồn đọng mảng không gian vào cuối quý đạt 379,6 triệu USD. Redwire đã nhận được hợp đồng trị giá 20 triệu USD từ DARPA để thử nghiệm bổ sung vệ tinh SabreSat thu nhỏ cho chuyến bay thứ hai ở Quỹ đạo Trái đất Rất Thấp (VLEO) thuộc Chương trình Otter.

Công ty cũng ký được hợp đồng trị giá 15 triệu USD để cung cấp cánh pin mặt trời ELSA cho AscendArc. ELSA đã mang về 27,8 triệu USD giá trị hợp đồng trong năm đầu tiên ra mắt thị trường. Ngoài ra, Redwire còn nhận được hợp đồng tiếp theo để cung cấp hai cánh pin mặt trời ROSA cho mô-đun trạm vũ trụ thứ hai của Axiom.

Giá trị đơn hàng mới mảng công nghệ quốc phòng đạt 68,8 triệu USD, với tỷ lệ book-to-bill quý đạt 1,44. Đơn hàng tồn đọng đạt 240,1 triệu USD. Redwire đã giành được hợp đồng trị giá 13,8 triệu USD để bàn giao máy bay Stalker cho Lực lượng Vệ binh Quốc gia Mỹ.

Doanh thu mảng công nghệ quốc phòng chịu ảnh hưởng từ quá trình chuyển đổi từ Stalker Block 30 sang Stalker Block 40 và Penguin Mk3, cũng như các yếu tố phụ thuộc trong khâu giao hàng như phê duyệt xuất khẩu và tiến độ của nhà cung cấp. Hàng tồn kho sản phẩm dở dang và thành phẩm đã tăng 10,6 triệu USD trong quý lên 46,8 triệu USD.

Redwire đã bàn giao hơn 200 cảm biến không gian tính đến ngày 30 tháng 9, gấp đôi so với cùng kỳ năm trước. Công ty cũng giới thiệu dòng cảm biến định vị và camera không gian Seeker, được sản xuất tại Riga, Latvia, dành cho các khách hàng châu Âu.

Dự báo của ban lãnh đạo

Ban lãnh đạo tái khẳng định dự báo doanh thu cả năm 2026 trong khoảng 450 triệu USD đến 500 triệu USD. Mức trung vị tương ứng với mức tăng trưởng 41,6% so với cùng kỳ năm trước.

Công ty viện dẫn lượng đơn hàng tồn đọng kỷ lục và hàng tồn kho mảng công nghệ quốc phòng sắp hoàn thành là cơ sở chính cho sự tự tin này. Tuy nhiên, ban lãnh đạo thừa nhận thời điểm ghi nhận doanh thu giữa các quý không đồng đều và nhấn mạnh rằng doanh thu mảng công nghệ quốc phòng thường được ghi nhận khi sản phẩm được giao.

Redwire dự kiến tiếp tục rót vốn cho các sáng kiến đổi mới nội bộ ở những lĩnh vực mà ban lãnh đạo nhận thấy tiềm năng sinh lời hấp dẫn. R&D vẫn là một công cụ chi tiêu mang tính linh hoạt, trong khi công ty dự định duy trì năng lực của bảng cân đối kế toán để phục vụ đầu tư tự thân và các thương vụ M&A có chọn lọc.

Rủi ro và các yếu tố cần theo dõi

• Việc ghi nhận doanh thu vẫn rất nhạy cảm với thời điểm hoàn thành các mốc nghiệm thu, lịch trình giao hàng, quy trình phê duyệt kiểm soát xuất khẩu và sự chậm trễ từ các nhà cung cấp.
• Mảng công nghệ quốc phòng phải chuyển đổi lượng hàng tồn kho sản phẩm dở dang và thành phẩm đang ở mức cao thành các đợt giao hàng hoàn tất nhằm hỗ trợ doanh thu cuối năm.
• Ban lãnh đạo cho biết quá trình chuyển giao chính quyền có thể gây ra những vướng mắc ngắn hạn về ngân sách của Mỹ và thời điểm trao hợp đồng, dù phần lớn các chương trình của Redwire là các chương trình hiện hữu chứ không phải dự án mới bắt đầu.
• Chi phí R&D nội bộ tăng cao đang gây áp lực lên EBITDA điều chỉnh, ngay cả khi ban lãnh đạo nhận định khoản đầu tư này sẽ hỗ trợ cho các sản phẩm và nhu cầu trong tương lai.
• Kết quả kinh doanh theo quý có thể tiếp tục không đồng đều do từng đơn hàng riêng lẻ có quy mô lớn và doanh thu dựa trên giao hàng có thể dịch chuyển giữa các kỳ báo cáo.

Điểm nhấn phiên hỏi đáp với chuyên gia phân tích

Ban lãnh đạo cho biết biên lợi nhuận gộp mảng không gian trên cơ sở so sánh tương đương đã cải thiện từ 4% trong quý 3/2025 lên 18% trong quý 3/2026, trong khi biên lợi nhuận mảng công nghệ quốc phòng tăng từ 45% lên 50%. Redwire giải thích sự cải thiện của mảng không gian là nhờ các hợp đồng mới có biên lợi nhuận cao hơn và chiến lược đấu thầu có chọn lọc hơn.

Khi được hỏi về lộ trình đạt điểm hòa vốn EBITDA, ban lãnh đạo nhấn mạnh việc tăng cường R&D nội bộ là nguyên nhân chính dẫn đến các khoản lỗ hiện tại. Họ nêu bật ELSA như một minh chứng cho công nghệ phát triển nội bộ đã mang về gần 30 triệu USD đơn hàng mới sau khi ra mắt thị trường.

Về tiến độ mảng công nghệ quốc phòng, ban lãnh đạo cho biết số dư hàng tồn kho 46,8 triệu USD mang lại khả năng dự báo về khả năng chuyển đổi trong quý 4, nhưng không phản ánh doanh thu theo tỷ lệ 1:1. Sản phẩm phải được hoàn thiện, cấp phép khi có yêu cầu và giao hàng trước khi có thể ghi nhận doanh thu.

Về hoạt động M&A, ban lãnh đạo cho biết các giao dịch tiềm năng được đánh giá so với các khoản đầu tư nội bộ dựa trên tiềm năng lợi nhuận, mức độ phù hợp chiến lược, biên lợi nhuận gộp và khả năng tạo tiền. Redwire dự định tiếp tục duy trì sự chọn lọc và tránh giải ngân toàn bộ nguồn vốn sẵn có cùng một lúc.

Ban lãnh đạo mô tả VLEO là một thị trường tiềm năng rộng lớn về an ninh quốc gia, thương mại và khoa học. Họ xác định các hợp đồng chuyến bay bổ sung, việc thử nghiệm thành công và tiến độ hướng tới các nhiệm vụ vận hành thực tế là những cột mốc quan trọng đối với SabreSat và Chương trình Otter của DARPA.

Toàn văn biên bản cuộc gọi công bố kết quả kinh doanh

Toàn văn cuộc gọi công bố kết quả kinh doanh

Phần trình bày của ban lãnh đạo

Operator

Greetings and welcome to Redwire Corporation's Q3 2026 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Alex Curatolo, Senior Director of Investor Relations. Thank you, Alex. You may begin.

Alex Curatolo

Good morning, and thank you, Alicia. Welcome to Redwire's Third Quarter 2026 Earnings Call. We hope that you have seen our earnings release, which we issued yesterday afternoon. It has also been posted in the Investor Relations section of our website at rdw.com. Let me remind everyone that during the call, Redwire management may make forward-looking statements that reflect our beliefs, expectations, intentions, or predictions of the future. Our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that are described in more detail on Slides 2 and 3.

Additionally, to the extent we discuss non-GAAP measures during the call, please see Slide 3 and the appendix, our earnings release, or the investor presentation on our website for the calculation of these measures and their reconciliation to U.S. GAAP measures. I am Alex Curatolo, Redwire's Senior Director of Investor Relations. Joining me on today's call are Peter Cannito, Redwire's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Chris Edmunds, Redwire's Chief Financial Officer. With that, I would like to turn the call over to Pete. Pete?

Peter Cannito

Thank you, Alex. During today's call, I will outline our key accomplishments during the third quarter of 2026, after which Chris will present the financial highlights for the same period and discuss our outlook for the remainder of the year. We will then open the call for Q&A. Please turn to Slide 6. Redwire continued to see growing demand with substantial increases in bookings during the third quarter, underscoring the criticality of our solutions. Redwire's Q3 revenue was $109 million, a 5.4% increase compared to Q3 2025. However, revenue timing was a factor as a result of uneven milestones and deliveries that can shift revenue from quarter to quarter on a sequential basis.

As Chris will cover in more detail later, this timing resulted in concurrent increases in backlog, WIP, and finished goods. From a revenue quality perspective, I am pleased to report we had another quarter of record gross margins, expanding from 16.3% to 32.3% year-over-year. 5% growth in revenue year-over-year while doubling gross margins demonstrates our ability to not just grow, but to drive better quality growth. We believe this is a hallmark of an enduring and differentiated enterprise. Redwire continued to see durable demand across our portfolio, achieving a strong book-to-bill ratio of 1.73.

As a result, we ended the quarter with record contracted backlog of $619.7 million, our 6 consecutive quarters of growth in backlog, providing further confidence in our forecast as we move into the final quarter of 2026. Finally, our balance sheet continues to provide a strong financial foundation with $538.9 million in total liquidity to fuel our continued growth. In summary, Redwire's third quarter was defined by durable and increasing demand for our mission-critical products and solutions across multiple domains, adding quality revenue to our portfolio. Please turn to Slide 7. On our last earnings call, I introduced the 3-pillared investment framework Redwire uses to guide our capital allocation.

Today, I would like to provide a brief update on the current landscape. In terms of balance sheet strength, with $538.9 million in total liquidity and only $47.8 million in total debt, we are well positioned to withstand market perturbations while maintaining optionality to invest in new innovations and strategic M&A. Prudent balance sheet management mitigates risk from higher interest rates and weaker capital markets. With a diverse portfolio of products, customer types, and geographies, we continue to see attractive opportunities to invest in internal innovation that can compound growth through new product advancement, expanded capacity, and innovation across our portfolio.

Research and development expense increased $6.7 million or 87.1% year-over-year to $14.4 million during the third quarter of 2026, reflecting increased investment in our future growth. Finally, we continue to keep our eyes open for accretive M&A while remaining disciplined, selective, and patient to find value opportunities. In summary, we like how we are currently postured to foster resiliency and steady growth, while remaining opportunistic as we continue to invest with discipline across all 3 pillars to drive long-term value for our shareholders. Please turn to Slide 8. Next, I would like to briefly highlight third quarter achievements and developments across our 5 value drivers.

We will start with our space segment, which encompasses next-generation spacecraft, large space infrastructure, and microgravity development, and then turn to our defense tech segment, which encompasses combat-proven UAS and sensors and payloads. Please turn to Slide 9. Starting with next-generation spacecraft, today I am very pleased to announce that during the third quarter, Redwire was awarded a $20 million contract from DARPA to complete additional testing and experimentation on a scaled version of SabreSat for a precursor flight in Very Low Earth Orbit or VLEO, as part of the DARPA Otter Program. This separate award adds a 2nd VLEO flight mission to Redwire's work on Otter and marks a major step towards sustained operations in VLEO, one of space's most challenging and strategically important orbital regimes.

Redwire is creating the platforms, models, and digital infrastructure needed to make VLEO operational at scale, ultimately equipping national security space missions with distinctive operational advantages, from rapid orbital agility to enhanced tactical responsiveness. We continue to compound our early investment in this critical technology across a growing portfolio of VLEO opportunities in both the U.S. and Europe. Please turn to Slide 10. Turning to large space infrastructure, Redwire was awarded a $15 million contract to deliver ELSA wings to AscendArc, a GEO satellite customer. ELSA expands Redwire's power technology portfolio to support customers with low to medium power applications across all orbits, including volume production programs with faster delivery times.

And this award marks the second sale of ELSA we've announced since its introduction earlier this year for a total of $27.8 million of new contracts so far in its first year as a product. ELSA is a proof point for how investments in internal innovation can drive strong near-term return on investment. Power in space is fundamental. Nothing happens without power. Redwire is already a recognized leader with ROSA, and with the addition of ELSA to our portfolio, we continue to scale our power position as a reliable, proven, and differentiated source for effective space power solutions. Please turn to Slide 11. Speaking of ROSA, Redwire was recently awarded a contract to develop and deliver 2 rollout solar array or ROSA, wings for Axiom's second space station module.

This award is a follow-on to a previously awarded contract for Redwire to build ROSA wings for Axiom's first space station module. These awards are the direct result of our proven performance providing power to the International Space Station. And I'm excited to share that Redwire's 8th and final ROSA wing is scheduled to be installed on the International Space Station today by NASA astronaut Anil Menon and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Joshua Kutryk. Please join me in congratulating our team on completing this historic power modernization effort and thanking our customer Boeing and everyone at NASA who helped us transform ROSA from an innovative idea into reality, especially the astronauts performing today's spacewalk.

From satellites to space stations, Redwire is powering humanity's ambitions in space. Please turn to Slide 12. Turning to our microgravity development value driver, while SpaceMD, a wholly owned subsidiary of Redwire, continues to work on the architecture for its historic spacecraft mission, it simultaneously continues to send microgravity payloads to the ISS. In October, SpaceMD launched 4 microgravity investigations to the International Space Station on SpaceX-35, including the first vascular tissue bioprint in microgravity using SpaceMD's biofabrication facility, or BFF. Also, pharmaceutical investigations that increased the number of PIL-BOXes launched to 58, studying 46 unique compounds.

And finally, a plant growth experiment using our multi-use variable gravity platform, or MVP. These investigations will be managed from Redwire's new state-of-the-art payload operations control center and dedicated microgravity facility in Georgetown, Indiana. NASA's trust in Redwire to support operations directly with the ISS reflects the depth of our experience and proven track record in microgravity. As evidenced by the breadth of capabilities covered by these investigations, SpaceMD continues to move microgravity manufacturing from experimentation towards repeatable, scalable commercial operations, leveraging the microgravity environment of space to improve life here on Earth.

Please turn to Slide 13. Turning next to our combat-proven UAS value driver. During the quarter, Redwire was awarded a $13.8 million contract to deliver Stalker aircraft to the U.S. National Guard. We are proud that the National Guard chose Stalker as a highly reliable modular platform to train incoming soldiers on complex flight operations, field maintenance, and multi-mission payload deployment. We believe this underscores another example of how we are being baselined as a key autonomy platform for the U.S. military. Please turn to Slide 14. Lastly, moving to our sensors and payloads value driver.

Redwire has delivered more than 200 space sensors, including star trackers, sun sensors, and cameras year-to-date through September 30, 2026, a 100% increase on a year-over-year basis. During the quarter, we also announced the Seeker product line, a European variant of our proven navigation sensors and space cameras manufactured at Redwire's high-volume production facility in Riga, Latvia.

Built in Europe, for Europe, the Seeker product line is intended to strengthen Europe's satellite supply chain sovereignty and meet the growing demand across the European space sector. We are a critical part of the expanding European industrial base for space and defense. Please turn to Slide 15. With that, I'd now like to turn the call over to Chris Edmunds, Redwire's Chief Financial Officer, to discuss the financial results for the third quarter of 2026.

Chris Edmunds

Thank you, Pete. Please turn to Slide 16. During the third quarter, we recorded total revenue of $109 million, a 5.4% increase on a quarterly year-over-year basis, but a decrease on a sequential basis. Our space segment recorded revenue of $61.3 million, a more than 30% organic increase on a year-over-year basis, while our defense tech segment recorded revenue of $47.8 million, a year-over-year decrease due to the timing of shipments for our UAS offerings as the team prepares to deliver the next generation of our autonomous platforms. From a year-to-date perspective, we have recorded total revenue of $323.1 million, a 42.6% increase year-over-year, with 60% of our total revenue from the U.S. market and 40% international.

Evidence of our global reach and manufacturing footprint. Please turn to Slide 17. Gross margin improvement is a significant focus area for Redwire, as we believe this is an important quality for a durable and differentiated enterprise capable of creating long-term shareholder value. And I am pleased to report that we achieved record gross margins of 32.3% during the third quarter, with year-over-year and sequential improvements from both our space and defense tech segments. The gross margin improvement was driven by a change in contract mix, with more than $700 million in new awards over the last 12 months and the near completion of a few lower margin programs within our space segment.

Net loss improved by $18 million on a year-over-year basis to a net loss of $23.2 million, and our third quarter adjusted EBITDA was negative $5.3 million. Our internal research and development investment continued during the third quarter, increasing from $7.7 million to $14.3 million on a year-over-year basis. We continue to see this investment as accelerating the maturation of our products and solutions to meet customer demand and timeline as evidenced by the nearly $30 million in ELSA bookings that Pete referenced, an internally developed product that was released earlier this year. As we continue to execute on the more than $700 million of bookings from the last 12 months, our gross margin is improving.

Please turn to Slide 18. Next, turning to a discussion of liquidity and capital structure. We ended the third quarter of 2026 with total liquidity of $538.9 million, comprised of $488.9 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, and $50 million in undrawn revolver capacity, a significant year-over-year improvement. With more than $400 million invested in money market funds, during the third quarter of 2026, we achieved net interest income of $2.7 million versus net interest expense of $6.3 million for the corresponding period in the prior year, a $9 million cash improvement on a year-over-year basis.

Finally, I would note that we did not issue any shares under our existing ATM program during the third quarter. In summary, our balance sheet and capital structure is ready to support future growth. Please turn to Slide 19. Turning to cash flows, net cash used in operating activities for the 9 months ended September 30, 2026, improved by $57.9 million year-over-year. This improvement is largely driven by the improved financial performance over the period, partially offset by an investment in inventory to support near-term customer deliveries. Please turn to Slide 20. During the third quarter, we saw continued strength in contracts awarded with bookings of $188.7 million, resulting in a book-to-bill ratio for the quarter of 1.73 and a book-to-bill ratio of 1.63 on a last 12 months basis.

Our space segment bookings were $119.9 million, resulting in a book-to-bill ratio for the quarter of 1.96, driven by power and spacecraft bookings. And our defense tech bookings were $68.8 million, resulting in a book-to-bill ratio of 1.44 for the quarter, driven by demand for our autonomous platforms, sensors, and payloads. Turning to backlog, we once again saw growth in this metric as backlog increased by 14.3% on a sequential basis and nearly 75% on a year-over-year basis to a record $619.7 million. As of September 30, 2026, space backlog was $379.6 million, and defense tech backlog was $240.1 million.

As a reminder, Redwire's contracted backlog represents the estimated dollar value of remaining work on executed contracts and does not include unexercised contract options or anticipated bookings under IDIQs. We remain proud of our 6 consecutive quarters of growth in backlog and the durable demand we see for our mission-critical space and defense tech products and solutions around the globe. Please turn to Slide 21 for a brief discussion of the outlook for the remainder of 2026. I'd like to start by setting context for our reaffirmation of our guidance range, acknowledging that the timing of our revenue has been uneven, as evidenced by the small sequential decrease between the second and third quarter of 2026.

However, there are 2 primary factors that provide us with confidence as we look to the remainder of the year. First, during Q3 2026, we achieved a record $619.7 million in backlog, providing a strong underpinning for our future growth and showcasing the durable demand for our mission-critical space and defense tech products and solutions. And second, for our defense tech segment, our work in process and finished goods inventory balance has increased by $10.6 million over the last quarter to $46.8 million as our team prepares to deliver customer orders that are nearing completion in the coming weeks.

Please turn to Slide 22. In summary, with $323.1 million of recorded revenue during the first 9 months of 2026, supported by our record $619.7 million in backlog and $46.8 million in work in process and finished goods inventory, we are reaffirming our full year 2026 revenue forecast in the range of $450 million to $500 million, which represents a 41.6% year-over-year growth at the midpoint. With that, please turn to Slide 23, and I'll now turn the call back over to Pete.

Peter Cannito

Thank you, Chris. To summarize, with record backlog, record gross margin, and a balance sheet that is ready to support future growth, Redwire's third quarter was defined by growing demand and quality revenue. With that, I'd like to thank the entire Redwire team for their achievements during the third quarter of 2026. We will now open the floor for questions.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Rishi Khubchandani with Guggenheim.

Phần hỏi đáp

Unknown Analyst

One question on the gross margins. So the gross margins were up solidly last year in 3Q '25, and you reported an adjusted gross margin this quarter of 27%. Maybe you can provide more of an apples-to-apples comparison and what drove the 520 bps of expansion. That's on an as-reported basis.

Chris Edmunds

Well, just a quick clarification. I think it was 27% with the adjusted gross margin in '25 versus the 32% for this quarter. There was a purchase accounting nuance that we added back last year to show that apples-to-apples comparison. It was talked about on the call. Gross margin improvement has been a key focus area this year. And we looked at the progress we've made. We started the year off in the first quarter at 24%, working it up to 28% in the second quarter, then off to come in where we are today. A lot of that strength is coming out of our space portfolio.

We've talked about increasing the portfolio gross margin as we have had a really strong booking profile in that segment this year. Excuse me. And so that is bringing that gross margin up for the space portfolio. So in Q3 of last year on an apples-to-apples basis, they were at 4%. They're at 18% for this quarter, whereas our defense tech business on an apples-to-apples basis was 45% last year and 50% this year. So we're seeing a significant increase in our gross margin on the space side, and that's a result of some of the new orders that we've had this year, and we're seeing the gross margins hold but also grow in the future on the defense tech side.

Peter Cannito

Yes, and as I mentioned, I'll add, we've seen in the past that the industry was really focused just on the top line. It's strategically important from Redwire's perspective that we focus on unit economics and strong gross margins as well. So we've been putting a lot of emphasis on being more discriminatory in how we bid and who we're willing to bid against in terms of making sure that long term we can sustain continuous improvements in the gross margins until we reach our final objective.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Suji DeSilva with Roth Capital Partners.

Sujeeva De Silva

Congrats on the bookings growth. Can you please discuss the EBITDA loss here? Unpack a little what the bridge is here to breakeven, Chris, given the step-up in operating expenses.

Chris Edmunds

Yes, so as we kind of play out the last question, gross profit has been a big area of focus for us. But we talked about earlier this year about really ramping up our internal investment. Pete talked on that earlier in the call as well. I mean, look at IRAD this year. We're up $30 million in investment on some really, really interesting capabilities. We talked about ELSA coming to market. It was a very fast-to-market investment that we've made with almost $30 million of bookings this year. That's a meaningful contributor to the space backlog.

And so as we think about those high-ROI type opportunities, we're going to keep leaning forward responsibly into our IRAD line. But if we look back and say, we've increased IRAD $30 million this year, Adjusted EBITDA acknowledging that year-to-date is negative 18, really where we are is we're focusing on tomorrow, we're focusing on the capabilities of where we see the market going. And so that really is the big explanation for the EBITDA walk as we see it right now.

Peter Cannito

And strategically, our goal is to keep EBITDA inside IRAD. IRAD is a discretionary lever that we can pull up and down on a relatively short-term basis based on what we see in the market. Right now we see a lot of really high-return, high-potential ROI returns on some internal innovations. Redwire is a fairly diversified company, so we've got a lot of really great technologies that we can deliver. ELSA is a perfect example of that, right? So from our perspective, it's not so much about a bridge to breakeven. It's about using that lever to ramp up and down IRAD based on the market circumstances and the number of quality internal opportunities that we have.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Brian Kinstlinger with Alliance Global Partners.

Brian Kinstlinger

You mentioned milestones for revenue recognition, which I think suggests the space sector. I could be wrong. And then you also mentioned delays in deliveries given your next-generation UAVs platform. Maybe you can add some more details on each. And are either of these continuing to be challenges in the current quarter or the next few months?

Peter Cannito

Yes. Hey, Brian. So we included milestones and deliveries because that's just the context of our business. We were not trying to indicate one versus the other. As you can basically see from the numbers, defense tech is a little bit down. So in this particular case, as I think Chris mentioned, it was about deliveries, right? So the past year has been a major transition period as we move from the Stalker Block 30 to the Stalker Block 40 and to the Penguin Mk3. So we're going to run into issues as we're developing.

And when you run into things, simple things like an export control approval that doesn't come in or a supplier that delivers late, because our orders are so big, the good news is we get big, chunky orders like the National Guard order of $15 million. The bad news is if you get caught up around something like export control or a part of the supply chain that is behind, it can move the quarter across periods. So we tried to emphasize that, we tried to foot-stomp that, if you will, around the growth in WIP and finished goods. So that's basically what we mean by timing of deliveries. Chris, anything you want to add?

Chris Edmunds

I think the only thing I'd say is the demand signals are still there, sitting at a 1.6 book-to-bill on both segments. So as we think about the demand signals, they remain solid. We're working on moving the product out the door, as Pete said.

Peter Cannito

Bookings have doubled year-over-year on defense tech. So you can see that it's in the bookings, it's in the finished goods and WIP. And that's doubling of the backlog, thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Liam Baker with KeyBanc Capital Markets.

Liam Baker

With the midterm elections now behind us, how are you thinking about the cadence of government awards from here? Were there anything meaningful in the space and defense tech opportunity bucket that got pushed to the right? And how do you expect to move forward over the next few quarters?

Peter Cannito

Yes, good question. Obviously, we're all watching the same thing happen in real time here, right? So there's a lot of predictions around what does this mean for passing the budget. It's early days. The transition is only a day old. I do believe both space and defense tech are bipartisan issues. So I don't think long-term it's going to have any effect, but there may be a little bit of a grind here in the near term as Washington flips over. Having said that, Redwire is already really well established on another program like Otter.

The vast majority of our programs are not new starts, right? So you can see that on the Otter Program, they're able to continue to grow that. They will be able to continue to grow that under a continuing resolution if that's where all of this ends up. I'd also like to point out that 40% of our revenue comes from Europe. So, although there may or may not be short-term perturbations in the defense budget or budgets writ large inside the U.S., again, that's only 60% of our portfolio.

So when you add up the fact that 40% of our revenues come from Europe, and the fact that we already have a really broad base of existing programs that are funded with really strong backlog, I think whatever happens, we'll be able to weather through it and come out the other end without losing any momentum.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Adam Samuelson with Jefferies.

Adam Samuelson

I wanted to maybe dig in a little bit on defense. And some of this, I think, was addressed, but just to clarify, defense tech revenue is down 16% or so year-over-year. If we compare that to the growth, is the growth in inventory sequentially a rough proxy for the revenue pushout into the fourth quarter? If it's not, maybe you can give a little more color on the orders and revenues just by programs, geographies, and different parts of the business in there. I'm just trying to make sense of it as a discrete manufacturing kind of shipment issue, kind of where the business is tracking its constituent pieces.

Chris Edmunds

Adam, I think you're right on. I mean, you look at the revenue earnings potential, if you want to think about it that way, from the inventory that we do have on hand. We did talk about in the second quarter call that we were purposely bringing inventory levels up as a strategic advantage, to be able to respond quickly to our customer orders. Autonomous platforms are moving quite quickly and we want to make sure that our capabilities are positioned really well to be responsive to our customer orders.

But as we think about the timing of orders into the fourth quarter, as I mentioned earlier in the call, inventory, both the WIP and the finished goods, are up about $10.5 million or so. That gives you an idea of the conversion opportunities as we look in the fourth quarter. Now, we've got to get the inventory moved, and revenue is recognized as we ship the product, which is different than the vast majority of the space business, which is the overtime revenue recognition model.

So we've got to get the products finalized, and as Pete mentioned, get all the licenses if we need those for our particular customer in hand to get the revenue recorded. But the $46.8 million of WIP and finished goods inventory as of September 30 gives us the line of sight as we round out the year here and looking to finish strong. The story is in the numbers, right? Just look at backlog.

Peter Cannito

Look at backlog with finished goods and where the revenue landed. It's not dollar-for-dollar, but it shows you, I think, that's the broader context that you need to think about in terms of seeing the trajectory of the defense tech growth.

Chris Edmunds

But the demand is there at the 1.63 LTM book-to-bill.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Griffin Boss with B. Riley Securities.

Griffin Boss

I'll just start off. Pete, you mentioned space and defense tech being bipartisan issues. I think we would agree there, but I'd like to dig into that and get your take on whether you see certain areas of Golden Dome also as bipartisan. It'd be helpful to get some color as to how you look at that.

Peter Cannito

Yes, great question. And again, I read the same headlines you do. So I think certainly there's a question mark around Golden Dome. So if you're a business that's built 100% around the success or not of Golden Dome, I think that would be something to watch. Fortunately, Redwire is not that. I mentioned 40% coming out of Europe. We're highly diversified.

I think the way I think about that stuff is whether it's called Golden Dome or not, this idea of having additional protections in terms of missile defense, whether at home or abroad, is still a capability that is bipartisan. So will the name Golden Dome persist or not? I have no idea. That's a better question for the politicos. But do I think that if you're building capability that is relevant to missile defense, then you're probably leaning into a market that has durability going into the future.

Griffin Boss

Appreciate the thoughts there, Pete. And if I could just have a follow-up on the guide. I just want to dig into the puts and takes there for the low and the high end. Obviously, I know revenue can be lumpy quarter to quarter, but are there maybe 1 or 2 big space programs that are the driving force of that $50 million delta? I would suspect it's not on the defense tech side, but maybe if there's any color you can give as to what programs could cause that $50 million delta, that'd be helpful.

Chris Edmunds

Yes, one of the nice things about where Redwire is, just based on the breadth of capabilities, we've got a pretty wide spread of programs that we're working on across the globe. So not necessarily 1 program that's binary kind of on or off. We've got a lot of programs that are in motion right now that we need to continue to execute on. But as we talked about earlier, defense tech, right, with the inventory being up, is a key area of focus that we're driving hard on to get the shipments out the door for the end of the year.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Colin Canfield with Cantor.

Colin Canfield

Can you talk a little bit about M&A and in terms of how you're looking at the market, where you're looking, where you're seeing kind of the best cash trades versus revenue growth, and really kind of how you think about M&A as a tool to drive free cash flow improvement? And then maybe just kind of juxtapose that versus the $500 million of cash and just how you think about that as a strategic asset, and then any flexibility of whether there's bigger or smaller stuff in the market that you think can help free cash flow.

Peter Cannito

So, there's a lot to unpack there, but we have our investment framework that includes retaining a strong balance sheet, internal innovation, and M&A. We look at everything from a return on investment when we do our capital allocation, right? So we look at what we have internally that could drive growth and good ROI, and we look at what is out there externally that can drive good ROI. Certainly we look at areas that are gaps that we could fill, both strategically from a product and market perspective, as well as financially in terms of, I think, as you're referencing, this idea of using M&A to get a cash generator. And yes, that's all part of the evaluation.

You know, the M&A market right now is going to be a little bit choppy in the near term. It kind of will follow some of what's going on with the changes in government, especially when you look at smaller M&A, because you can have organizations that have leaned forward into one area that might not be popular, that aren't as diversified as Redwire is and may have exposure as a result. But broadly, it's a simpler framework than you might expect in the sense that we evaluate our internal opportunities and our external opportunities against an ROI calculation, while being mindful of our intent to keep a strong balance sheet so we can remain opportunistic over a long period and not go out and expend a lot of our dry powder in one fell swoop. Chris, anything you want to add?

Chris Edmunds

No, I think you hit everything. We focus on heritage, we focus on battle-proven capabilities, we talked about gross margin being a key focus area. So, I mean, there's a lot of interesting things there, but we're going to remain disciplined and focused and look for the right opportunities to continue to grow and scale Redwire in a real meaningful way.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Andrew DeGaspari with Berenberg Securities.

Brian Kinstlinger

Hey, good morning. Following the latest DARPA award, what milestones and timeline would enable transition to an operational program? And also, how large could the VLEO opportunity be in 3 to 5 years? And how do you think about investing in that opportunity with what mix of organic investment and M&A needed to capture that?

Peter Cannito

Can you repeat the first part of your question? I didn't totally understand that.

Brian Kinstlinger

Yes, I guess like what are the key milestones and maybe timeline that would enable DARPA to transition the program to an operational program?

Peter Cannito

So it's really a broad question about VLEO and the market opportunities in general. Yes, adding a second flight is huge, right? So that's a key milestone. And it's coming much earlier in the program than we had originally anticipated. So that's also a really good indicator. But success is ultimately the milestones you want to look for, right? Like getting flights, getting operational, and awards focused on VLEO. So to the degree that in concert with our customers we have the ability to talk about our awards, we try to do that to give the market indication that we're making progress in that area. In terms of the size of VLEO, I think the size of VLEO is equivalent to the size of LEO or the size of UAS - pick the market that you would like to use as your analogy.

All VLEO is a portion of the space above us that provides opportunities just the way airborne markets provide opportunities, and LEO and GEO and beyond that, Cislunar provides opportunities. People have in the past referred to our SabreSat capability as an orbital drone, and I think the opportunity for VLEO is as big as any of the other areas in the space above Earth that can deliver real benefit from a national security as well as commercial and scientific perspective as well. That's how we think about it.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Austin Moeller with Canaccord Genuity.

Austin Moeller

Just given the announcement around the Stalker sale to the National Guard, what does the sales pipeline and timing look like for some other well-funded federal customers like DHS that are not going to be impacted by a potential CR?

Peter Cannito

It's difficult sometimes to project at a large scale, or at a point scale, I should say, specific procurements, right? But we see drone procurements in the U.S. government, and quite frankly in international governments, moving up and to the right broadly over time, right? And that's how we think about it. So the timing of DHS or any individual procurement can be different. It's difficult to prognosticate. However, it's all moving in a direction that is beneficial for Redwire. One of the things that I really like about the National Guard award that I think is significant that I mentioned in my comments is that I think it underscores that we're being baselined as a capability in the U.S. military arsenal. Not as an experiment, not as a prototype, not as a come to our exercise and demonstrate your capability.

We are being baselined as a capability. And in this particular case, what I think is interesting is we're being baselined in the schoolhouse. So if you think about when a new UAS operator focused on Group 2 joins the National Guard and comes in, the first aircraft, UAS, that they're going to have their hands on is the Stalker. And I think that's a really good, beneficial place to be in terms of getting mindshare with the end user, which I think ultimately, when you peel back all the different noise in the market, is where the decision will get made and what will drive growth ultimately. So I like where we are positioned. I like our approach. I like our adoption and uptake, how it's occurring, but predicting the timing of any specific award is foolhardy.

Austin Moeller

Okay. And does the change in Congress prioritize commercial space more than defense tech as you review your M&A options, or is that not the right way to think about it?

Peter Cannito

Yes, I wouldn't think about it that way. First of all, the Democratic Congress hasn't come out with what their agenda and their priorities are. I thought 4 priorities that they did talk about weren't necessarily tech-related. So, I think there are certain mandatory capabilities that the U.S. has to invest in to stay ahead of our near-peer adversaries. And I think those will continue to garner funding, regardless of who's sitting in Congress. That's the way we think about it.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Ronald Epstein with Bank of America.

Andrew Steinhardt

This is Andrew Steinhardt on for Ron. I just wanted to ask about defense tech margins, just given there's been sequential variability there. And I could appreciate the color you guys provided earlier, just around the lumpiness of that business as of late. I guess, Pete or Chris, can you guys just elaborate on the composition of the backlog and Q3 quarterly bookings, specifically within defense tech, between UAS, gimbals, sensors? I'm just trying to understand how we should think about the mix in defense tech going into Q4 and '27.

Chris Edmunds

Yes, great question. So just to clarify, from a backlog standpoint, Space has got about $380 million and Defense Tech's got $240 million for the total $620 million. We haven't broken that backlog out by capabilities and something we'll continue to evaluate as we move forward. Obviously we provide a lot more visibility with our segmented financial statements this year than we ever have. When I think about gross margin, as I mentioned earlier, we're showing progress, not declaring victory, but showing progress. The defense tech business has historically kind of been around the mid-40s range.

Mostly this quarter, they're at 50%. And the space segment also showed some progress. So as we see it, the defense tech gross margin has shown some durability in that mid-40s range. When you look at the combination of the two segments, it is moving us into kind of the mid-20s, moving up into the upper 20s as we move forward and continue to drive more bookings into our portfolio. But defense tech margins, like I said, have remained relatively stable there in the mid-40s, obviously still in a great quarter this quarter at about 50% gross margin.

Peter Cannito

I do want to highlight, and I think this harkens back to a question I got earlier about using M&A to build cash flows, that in a way we have already done that in a very material way. People talk about top-line growth on the defense tech side, and I think it is something that we've addressed now and you want to look at in context in terms of doubling our backlog. But in terms of using M&A as a tool to materially change your unit economics and financials, the Edge Autonomy acquisition has been very successful, and you're seeing that show up now as that has a bigger part of our portfolio in the overall gross margins if you're looking at a 2- to 3-year timeline.

So I'm very pleased with the balance, and I think it is, thinking back to that question, a fantastic example of how you can use M&A to both fill a strategic capability hole, as well as to complement your existing portfolio. Space and UAS, for me, from an economic perspective, is very complementary. Space is a high-growth area with still a lot of risk in it as people are maturing the technology, but will move up in terms of gross margins as the technologies mature and move from development into full-rate production.

And you can see that in the UAS industry as well. So I thought it was a good question, but in terms of margins as well, I think what people have to think about is over the journey of the last 5 years, how that has evolved, particularly in the defense tech segment.

Operator

That concludes today's Q&A session. I'd like to turn the floor back over to Peter for closing remarks.

Peter Cannito

All right. Well, thank you for your questions and engagement this morning. We appreciate everyone taking the time to listen today, and go Redwire.

Operator

This concludes today's conference. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.