Cuộc họp công bố kết quả kinh doanh Quý 2 năm tài chính 2027 của Columbus McKinnon (CMCO): Nâng dự báo triển vọng

Điểm tin chính

• Doanh thu thuần quý 2 năm tài chính 2027 đạt 539,3 triệu USD, tăng 107% so với cùng kỳ năm ngoái. Doanh thu theo cơ sở pro forma tăng khoảng 6,6%, trong đó giá bán đóng góp khoảng 4 điểm phần trăm và sản lượng đóng góp khoảng 3 điểm phần trăm, một phần bị triệt tiêu bởi tác động tỷ giá hối đoái không thuận lợi.
• Giá trị đơn hàng đạt 562,6 triệu USD, tăng 122% so với cùng kỳ năm ngoái và tăng khoảng 13% trên cơ sở pro forma. Lượng đơn hàng tồn đọng tăng 2% so với quý trước lên 556,2 triệu USD, với tỷ lệ book-to-bill đạt 1,0 lần.
• EBITDA điều chỉnh tăng 177% lên 111,2 triệu USD. Biên EBITDA điều chỉnh mở rộng 520 điểm cơ bản lên 20,6%, nhờ sự đóng góp tích cực từ Kito Crosby, kiểm soát chi phí và ghi nhận hiệu quả cộng hưởng.
• Columbus McKinnon đã nâng triển vọng năm tài chính 2027 với doanh thu thuần đạt 2,13 tỷ - 2,17 tỷ USD, EBITDA điều chỉnh đạt 425 triệu - 440 triệu USD và EPS điều chỉnh đạt 2,00 - 2,15 USD.
• Ban quản lý kỳ vọng sẽ đạt hoặc vượt mục tiêu cộng hưởng chi phí ròng. Hoạt động bán chéo giữa các kênh Legacy CMCO và Kito Crosby cũng đang mang lại các cơ hội cộng hưởng doanh thu ban đầu, đặc biệt là tại khu vực châu Mỹ.
• Dòng tiền tự do đạt 4,6 triệu USD trong nửa đầu năm. Ban quản lý kỳ vọng dòng tiền tạo ra sẽ tập trung nhiều hơn vào nửa cuối năm khi các khoản phải thu và hàng tồn kho chuyển hóa thành tiền mặt.

Dữ liệu tài chính cốt lõi

Kết quả hoạt động kinh doanh và vận hành

Nhu cầu tăng trưởng diện rộng trên khắp các khu vực châu Mỹ, EMEA và APAC. Doanh thu của mảng Legacy CMCO tăng ở mức một chữ số tầm trung, trong khi doanh thu của mảng legacy Kito Crosby tăng ở mức một chữ số cao.

Doanh thu liên quan đến dự án tăng trưởng hai chữ số trên cơ sở pro forma hợp nhất, trong khi doanh thu chu kỳ ngắn tăng ở mức một chữ số tầm trung. Ban quản lý cho biết năng lượng, quốc phòng, vận tải/di động, thương mại điện tử và các ngành công nghiệp chung là những mảng cầu trọng yếu. Việc xây dựng trung tâm dữ liệu cũng hỗ trợ nhu cầu trực tiếp đối với thiết bị nâng hạ và cố định, cũng như sản xuất thiết bị thượng nguồn.

Khu vực châu Mỹ tiếp tục duy trì đà tăng trưởng mạnh mẽ ở cả hoạt động chu kỳ ngắn và dự án. Ban quản lý cho biết nhu cầu thiết bị nâng hạ tại Mỹ đã mạnh lên trong suốt quý. Các sáng kiến cộng hưởng doanh thu và danh mục sản phẩm hợp nhất mở rộng đang hỗ trợ cơ hội bán chéo và mở rộng thị phần, ban đầu tập trung chủ yếu vào châu Mỹ.

Khu vực APAC ghi nhận mức tăng trưởng doanh thu mạnh nhất, phản ánh tác động từ chính sách giá, danh mục sản phẩm rộng hơn và việc đẩy nhanh tiến độ giao hàng cho một dự án có biên lợi nhuận cao trị giá khoảng 5 triệu USD. Giá trị đơn hàng giảm nhẹ trên cơ sở pro forma do các đơn hàng đã được đẩy sớm vào quý 1 trước đợt tăng giá vào tháng 7.

Khu vực EMEA ghi nhận mức tăng trưởng doanh thu pro forma dương nhẹ, vượt kỳ vọng ban đầu của ban quản lý trong quý. Nhu cầu từ các ngành năng lượng, công nghiệp chung và quốc phòng là động lực chính. Giá trị đơn hàng bao gồm một dự án năng lượng tại Ả Rập Xê Út trị giá khoảng 23 triệu USD, phần lớn dự kiến sẽ ghi nhận thành doanh thu trong năm tài chính 2028. Nếu không tính dự án đó, đơn hàng tại EMEA đã tăng ở mức một chữ số cao.

Tăng giá đóng góp khoảng 4 điểm phần trăm vào mức tăng trưởng doanh thu pro forma. Ban quản lý cho biết chênh lệch giá bán - chi phí (price-cost) vẫn thuận lợi bất chấp lạm phát nguyên vật liệu và nhiên liệu diesel, đồng thời kỳ vọng mối quan hệ này sẽ tiếp tục thuận lợi trong nửa cuối năm.

Dự báo của Ban quản lý

Columbus McKinnon đã nâng triển vọng năm tài chính 2027 như sau:

Ban quản lý kỳ vọng biên EBITDA điều chỉnh trong nửa cuối năm sẽ tương đương với mức khoảng 19,7% của nửa đầu năm sau khi loại trừ lợi ích ròng từ việc hoàn thuế thuế quan IEEPA trong quý 1. Biên lợi nhuận hàng quý có thể thay đổi tùy thuộc vào cơ cấu kinh doanh.

Công ty kỳ vọng dòng tiền tự do trong nửa cuối năm sẽ cải thiện khi khoản đầu tư vào vốn lưu động hoàn đảo ngược. Ban quản lý vẫn tự tin đạt được tỷ lệ đòn bẩy khoảng 4x vào cuối năm tài chính 2028, nhờ vào sự tăng trưởng EBITDA cốt lõi, ghi nhận hiệu quả cộng hưởng và giảm nợ. Các tính toán đòn bẩy của công ty đã bao gồm lợi ích thường niên (run-rate) 70 triệu USD từ các hiệu quả cộng hưởng.

Rủi ro và các điểm cần theo dõi

• Điều kiện thị trường tại EMEA vẫn yếu hơn so với châu Mỹ và APAC, phù hợp với các chỉ số công nghiệp mà ban quản lý tham chiếu.
• Lạm phát nguyên vật liệu và diesel vẫn tiếp diễn, mặc dù ban quản lý kỳ vọng việc điều chỉnh giá bán sẽ giữ cho chênh lệch giá bán - chi phí ở mức thuận lợi trong nửa cuối năm.
• Tác động quy đổi tiền tệ không thuận lợi làm giảm tăng trưởng doanh thu pro forma.
• Các tuyến đường giao hàng qua Trung Đông vẫn còn nhiều thách thức và kém hiệu quả, có khả năng làm kéo dài thời gian vận chuyển.
• Vốn lưu động trong nửa đầu năm tiêu tốn dòng tiền do doanh thu tăng và yêu cầu hàng tồn kho lớn hơn. Sự cải thiện dòng tiền dự kiến trong nửa cuối năm phụ thuộc một phần vào việc chuyển đổi các khoản phải thu và hàng tồn kho thành tiền.
• Chi phí lãi vay vẫn ở mức cao sau giao dịch Kito Crosby. Nợ dài hạn bao gồm khoản vay Term Loan B trị giá 1,4 tỷ USD và 900 triệu USD trái phiếu bảo đảm cao cấp (senior secured notes).

Các điểm chính trong phần Hỏi & Đáp với Chuyên gia Phân tích

Tính bền vững của biên lợi nhuận: Ban quản lý cho biết quý 2 không bao gồm các khoản hoàn thuế thuế quan IEEPA trọng yếu hoặc các khoản mục lớn khác làm sai lệch đáng kể biên lợi nhuận. Doanh thu mạnh mẽ trong tháng 9, đòn bẩy hoạt động và việc ghi nhận hiệu quả cộng hưởng đã thúc đẩy biên EBITDA điều chỉnh đạt 20,6%.

Cộng hưởng doanh thu: Công ty đang bán các sản phẩm của Legacy CMCO qua các kênh của Kito Crosby và sản phẩm của Kito Crosby qua các kênh của Legacy CMCO. Các sáng kiến bao gồm đào tạo bán hàng, phát triển kênh và tối ưu hóa chuỗi cung ứng theo khu vực. Các cơ hội cộng hưởng doanh thu tiềm năng chưa được đưa vào mục tiêu cộng hưởng chi phí ròng của công ty.

Dòng tiền và giảm nợ: Ban quản lý kỳ vọng dòng tiền tự do sẽ tập trung phần lớn vào nửa cuối năm. Về dài hạn, công ty thấy có nhiều cơ hội để cải thiện số vòng quay hàng tồn kho, số ngày thu tiền bình quân (DSO) và số ngày thanh toán bình quân (DPO). Vòng quay hàng tồn kho hiện đạt khoảng 2,5 lần và ban quản lý cho biết việc hướng tới mức 3 lần sẽ mang lại lợi ích dòng tiền đáng kể.

Giả định về nhu cầu: Ban quản lý không phụ thuộc vào điều kiện thị trường mạnh lên đáng kể để hỗ trợ quỹ đạo tăng trưởng cho năm tài chính 2028 và 2029. Kế hoạch của công ty giả định hoạt động kinh doanh duy trì quanh mức hiện tại, được bổ sung bởi các sáng kiến thương mại, hiệu quả cộng hưởng và việc cải thiện năng lực thực thi.

Toàn văn Biên bản Cuộc họp Kết quả Kinh doanh

Toàn văn cuộc gọi công bố kết quả kinh doanh

Phần trình bày của ban lãnh đạo

Operator

Good morning, and welcome to Columbus McKinnon's Second Quarter Fiscal 2027 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Anas, and I'll be your conference operator today. As a reminder, this call is being recorded.

I would now like to turn the conference over to Alexandre Eldredge with Columbus McKinnon Investor Relations.

Alexandre Eldredge

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us for the CMCO Second Quarter Fiscal 2027 Earnings Call. Joining me on the call this morning are President and Chief Executive Officer, David Wilson; and Chief Financial Officer, John Linker.

On today's call, we will be referencing our earnings press release and presentation, which are available on our Investor Relations website, investors.cmco.com.

Before David and John walk you through our operating and financial performance for the quarter, I would like to remind you that during this call, we may make forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 in regard to our current plans, beliefs, and expectations.

These statements are not guarantees for future performance and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and other factors that can cause actual results and events to differ materially from the results and events contemplated by these forward-looking statements.

I'd also like to remind you that management will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. You can find reconciliations for these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures on the company's Investor Relations website and in its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Please see our earnings release and our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission for more information.

Also on today's call, we will make reference to pro forma metrics, which adjust for both the Kito Crosby acquisition and the divestiture of the Legacy Columbus McKinnon U.S. power chain hoist and chain operations as if each transaction had been completed prior to the beginning of the prior year period to improve the comparability of results across different periods.

Today's prepared remarks will be followed by a question-and-answer session. We respectfully ask that you limit yourself to one question and one follow-up.

With that, I'll turn the call over to David.

David Wilson

Thank you, Alexandre, and good morning, everyone. In Q2, we continued building on our strong start to fiscal 2027, advancing progress with the integration of Kito Crosby and unlocking synergies while driving organic revenue growth and delivering margin improvement.

I am pleased with the progress we are making as our people, processes, and systems are coming together to enhance value and execute day in and day out for our customers through our scaled and better positioned business and product portfolio.

Turning to the quarter's results. Orders exceeded $560 million for the second consecutive quarter, growing 13% on a pro forma basis, demonstrating the market's resilient demand for our intelligent motion solutions and providing visibility into future sales growth.

In the period, pro forma sales grew 7% with growth across all geographies and at both Legacy CMCO and Kito Crosby. This robust revenue growth is enabled by our scaled platform, enhanced customer value proposition, and business initiatives, which are unlocking market share gains in targeted growth areas. This growth is also supported by ongoing commercial initiatives and early revenue synergy wins.

The team continues to make disciplined progress advancing our strategic priorities of operational excellence, commercial effectiveness, and customer experience, strengthening our foundation for sustainable growth.

Our broad-based demand strength is benefiting from diversified end market exposure with continued growth in targeted verticals, including energy, defense, mobility, e-commerce, and general industrial. We are also experiencing tailwinds from data center build-outs, which drive direct demand for lifting securement hardware and permanently installed lifting solutions while also driving meaningful upstream demand for the production of data center-related equipment that also requires our solutions.

Volumes are building in the Americas and Asia Pacific, while EMEA has been a bit softer, consistent with what we're seeing in PMI and industrial production data. Inflationary pressures have been persistent, but our supply chain remains resilient, and we are not experiencing any noteworthy changes in our sourcing of raw materials and components.

We continue to lean on our pricing discipline to strategically realize price to offset inflation, giving us confidence in our ability to manage price/cost headwinds. Additionally, we see opportunities to improve our cost position and drive further improvements in core productivity.

Adjusted EBITDA was $111 million in the quarter and increased 177% year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 20.6%. These results were stronger than anticipated with sustained strength in the Americas and better-than-expected demand in both Asia and EMEA. Demand resilience was complemented by factors that are within our control and areas where we continue to improve, including strong operational execution, a focus on improving customer experience, and commercial initiatives that are leading to expanding market share.

And since closing the Kito Crosby acquisition, the feedback we are receiving from our customers has been quite positive.

I am pleased with the results we have delivered in the first half of the year, and I am proud of how our teams are coming together across the combined business. This early-stage post-acquisition success gives you a glimpse of the power we are unlocking within CMCO and strengthens our foundation for sustainable, profitable growth in the years ahead.

Our confidence in our shareholder value creation potential continues to grow as we drive organic growth, expand margins, deliver increasing free cash flow, and delever the balance sheet.

On the integration front, we continue to make meaningful progress with agile execution and strong collaboration across the combined organization. Our teams have come together as one to support a common mission of providing innovative intelligent motion solutions to our customers with unmatched safety, quality, and reliability. While we just completed our second full quarter as a combined organization, we are moving swiftly to deliver meaningful synergies and our initial integration priorities are firmly underway.

We expect to meet or exceed our targeted net cost synergies. And increasingly, we are sharpening our focus on the longer-term enablers and initiatives that will unlock the full potential of the combined business.

We are also advancing revenue synergy opportunities that we expect will be meaningful over time. While these items will take time to develop as we align sales force training, channel partnerships, and supply chain optimization, we are seeing early traction from both expanding market share and leveraging our broadened product portfolio across our combined channel reach with key customers.

Overall, we are advancing integration plans and building momentum to deliver sustained organic growth, capture synergies, expand profitability, generate cash, and reduce debt, unlocking substantial long-term value for all stakeholders.

Thanks to the good work our more than 7,000 global team members are doing on behalf of our global business, we are increasing our full year guidance across net sales, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EPS. John will walk you through those details and provide more context regarding our financial performance shortly.

Before handing the call over to John, I'd like to share an example of how our team is engaging outside of their normal work responsibilities to advance Columbus McKinnon's vision of moving the world forward for a safer, more productive tomorrow.

Last month, 10 of our global CMCO teammates traveled to Rwanda's Nyaruguru district where they work with FICA, a nonprofit organization dedicated to safe, reliable rural transport access to support the construction of a suspended trail bridge. This bridge will now provide for safer year-round access to health care, schools, and economic opportunities for more than 6,700 people in nearby communities.

We are proud that we were able to partner with FICA to support this construction initiative through both our on-site employee volunteer team and with an assortment of hoists and lifting hardware that enabled the construction of the new suspension bridge.

On behalf of our entire organization, I'd like to extend an enormous thank you to all involved in this meaningful initiative.

With that, I'll turn the call over to John to walk us through our second quarter results.

John Linker

Thank you, David, and good morning, everyone. Through my first 4 months with the organization, I visited multiple facilities, engaged with our teams worldwide, and met many of our equity and debt holders and research analysts.

It is clear to me that CMCO is well positioned to capitalize on megatrends driving demand, deliver organic growth through commercial initiatives, and improve margins through synergy realization and operational improvements. We expect this to lead to outsized free cash flow generation and debt reduction, which will in turn unlock shareholder value.

Our second quarter results represent just the second full quarter since closing the combination with Kito Crosby. These results show early traction on our strategic priorities with stronger-than-expected Q2 results as we capitalized on broad-based demand for our expanded product portfolio of intelligent motion solutions and reflected disciplined operational and commercial execution. Orders of $562.6 million increased $308.9 million or 122% from the prior year, largely driven by the benefit of the Kito Crosby acquisition.

Normalizing for the acquisition and the divestiture, pro forma orders growth was approximately 13%, with continued strength in the Americas and a significant contribution from EMEA, including an approximately $23 million order tied to an energy customer in Saudi Arabia. Excluding this order, the majority of which we expect to convert to revenue in FY '28, EMEA orders were up high single digits.

In APAC, our forward-looking pipeline remains healthy, but second quarter orders declined moderately on a pro forma basis following the pull forward of orders in Q1 linked to their July price increase.

Backlog of $556.2 million increased 2% sequentially, reflecting strong order intake and resulting in a 1.0x book-to-bill in the quarter. Current quarter backlog, which typically represents approximately half of the following quarter's revenue, was $264.9 million at quarter end. We delivered net sales of $539.3 million, which increased $278.2 million or 107% from the prior year, driven by the acquisition of Kito Crosby, volume, and pricing, partially offset by the divestiture and unfavorable currency translation.

Sales growth was broad-based and positive across the Americas, EMEA, and APAC, reflecting mid-single-digit growth in the Legacy CMCO portfolio and high single-digit growth in the legacy Kito Crosby portfolio.

Normalizing for both the acquisition and divestiture, pro forma sales growth was approximately 6.6%, which we estimate was comprised of approximately 4 points of price and 3 points of volume, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange.

Sales growth was strongest in APAC, reflecting the impact of recent pricing, broadened product portfolio, and the accelerated timing of a project delivery. The Americas continues to show strength in both short-cycle and project businesses with sales growth through pricing and execution against our commercial initiatives of expanding the reach of our newly combined product portfolio.

Importantly, EMEA delivered modestly positive revenue growth on a pro forma basis, which was an improvement as compared to our expectations going into Q2 as industrial activity showed signs of returning led by investments in infrastructure, energy, and defense.

Overall, demand driving Q2 sales was both broad-based and resilient. On a consolidated pro forma basis, project-related sales increased double digits and short-cycle sales increased mid-single digits with benefits from both pricing and volume growth from a favorable demand environment.

Gross profit of $187.9 million increased $97.7 million or 108% versus the prior year on a GAAP basis, reflecting the Kito Crosby acquisition, pricing, and volume, partially offset by the impact of the divestiture and material cost and diesel inflation in COGS.

On a GAAP basis, our gross margin was 34.8%, while on an adjusted basis, our gross margin was 36.5%, an improvement of 120 basis points year-over-year, primarily due to favorable price versus cost and the accretion of the Kito Crosby acquisition. Adjusted gross margins also improved sequentially when normalizing Q1 to exclude the net benefit of IEEPA tariff refunds.

[ RSG&A ] expenses increased $51.9 million to $122.2 million on a GAAP basis due to the addition of Kito Crosby, integration costs, and increased incentive compensation expense, partially offset by cost saving synergies. Adjusted RSG&A, which excludes acquisition integration costs and other nonrecurring expenses, increased by $51.9 million to $111.1 million. This is where we are seeing the majority of scale benefits from the acquisition and cost synergy realization.

Adjusted EBITDA of $111.2 million increased $71.0 million or 177% with an Adjusted EBITDA margin of 20.6%. Adjusted EBITDA margin expanded 520 basis points year-over-year, reflecting accretion from the Kito Crosby acquisition, prudent cost management, and synergy realization. When normalizing for the impact of the Kito Crosby acquisition and divestiture in the prior period, Q2 Adjusted EBITDA grew approximately 14% and Adjusted EBITDA margins expanded approximately 130 basis points on a pro forma basis.

We continue to believe that based on actions taken thus far, we are well positioned to meet or exceed our net cost synergy target.

Net loss attributable to the company in the quarter was $25.5 million or $0.76 per share on a GAAP basis. Adjusted net income was $31.1 million or $0.61 a share, down $0.01 versus the prior year, primarily driven by operating profit increases, offset by higher interest expense and a higher share count due to the inclusion of the common shares issuable upon the conversion of the preferred shares.

Year-to-date, we delivered $4.6 million of free cash flow, an improvement from the prior year, reflecting our higher operating profits, partially offset by higher cash interest, higher cash taxes, and a higher use of working capital to support strong year-to-date sales growth. We expect this working capital investment to convert to improved cash generation in the second half of this fiscal year.

In the quarter, we opportunistically repriced our senior credit facilities, reducing the effective interest rate on both our Term Loan B and revolving credit facility, lowering the applicable margin spread on both by 50 basis points. On an annualized basis, we expect this to result in savings of more than $7 million.

As a reminder, our long-term debt structure is comprised of a $1.4 billion Term Loan B and $900 million of senior secured notes. The Term Loan B after the repricing bears interest at SOFR plus 300 basis points. We have hedges in place on approximately $1 billion of this $1.4 billion fixing SOFR at approximately 3.7% with laddered maturities through fiscal 2031.

The Term Loan B has no prepayment penalty for optional redemptions. The senior secured notes bear interest at 7.125% payable semiannually. This debt structure, along with our recent repricing, positions us well to navigate the current environment of higher interest rates.

Our liquidity position remains healthy at $532 million, consisting of $110.9 million of cash and cash equivalents and $421.1 million of availability on our revolving credit facility.

Given our strong Q2 results and increasing confidence in the year, we are raising our outlook for fiscal 2027. This updated full year outlook reflects strong orders and financial performance in the first half and increased confidence and traction on our strategic priorities.

The revised outlook takes into account the timing of our current backlog, increased interest rates, and updated foreign exchange rates. Our guidance also incorporates confidence that in the second half of the fiscal year, we will sustain the strong Adjusted EBITDA margin performance from the first half when normalizing the first half to exclude the net benefits of the IEEPA tariff refunds from Q1.

Our increased outlook for fiscal 2027 is net sales of $2.13 billion to $2.17 billion, Adjusted EBITDA of $425 million to $440 million, and Adjusted EPS of $2 to $2.15 a share. Additionally, we have updated our guidance assumptions, which incorporates some adjustments to our acquisition purchase price accounting, which was finalized in the quarter.

These assumptions include interest expense of $185 million to $190 million, amortization expense of $130 million to $135 million, depreciation expense of $80 million to $85 million, capital expenditures of $45 million to $55 million, and normalized effective tax rate as used in the calculation of Adjusted EPS of 25%, and adjusted diluted shares outstanding of 52 million, reflecting our expectation to PIK the preferred share dividend in fiscal 2027.

Our first half results give me increasing confidence in not only our integration of the Kito Crosby acquisition and synergy realization, but also that our scaled enhanced customer value proposition is delivering value across intelligent motion solutions. We are making meaningful progress through our strategic priorities of operational execution, improved customer experience, and expanding market share.

I am confident that our strategy will unlock multiple avenues of organic growth, improve our margin profile, and generate significant free cash flow to fund debt reduction.

Operator, we are now ready to take questions.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from James Kirby with JPMorgan Chase.

Phần hỏi đáp

James Kirby

Can you hear me all right?

David Wilson

Yes, we can hear you John -- James. Sorry.

James Kirby

No problem. I appreciate the commentary there. Maybe just starting, I'm trying to square the commentary from last quarter that this quarter would be the low point in EBITDA and sales. And you cited some onetime benefits last quarter. Just wondering look ahead if the margin cadence you described last quarter is still intact? And maybe if you can parse through the buckets of onetime benefits versus kind of sustainable durable pricing power.

David Wilson

Yes, James, let me start and ask John to jump in. So when we entered the quarter, we had a performance in Q1 that included the benefits of onetime IEEPA tariff refunds that we knew came into that quarter. We also looked at the backlog that we had and how it phased and anticipated that Q2 would be a low point for the year, as you indicated and we were indicating at the time.

As the quarter progressed and demand patterns evolved, we had robust demand from a short-cycle perspective. We're able to execute ahead of plan in a number of key areas, and we actually had the accelerated delivery of some project activity, both in Asia and in Europe.

And so the combination of those opportunities projected or continued demand and our ability to execute was what resulted in us being able to overdeliver in the period. We also continue to make really good progress with our synergy initiatives and the integration of the 2 businesses, which was terrific.

And the combination of those factors resulted in us delivering a performance that was outsized related to expectations that we previously talked about. As you know, we raised price in Q1, our Q1, in addition to some price increases that went into effect in the prior fiscal year that had carryover benefits.

We're starting to see the benefits of those come through as well. And as John indicated in the quarter, we believe that pricing was about 4% of the growth and volume was about 3% of the growth.

I'll pause there and ask John to continue if there's something you wanted to add.

John Linker

Yes. Thanks, David. I would say there wasn't anything to call out of any magnitude in Q2 that sort of significantly skewed margins. We didn't have any material IEEPA tariff refunds in Q2 like we did in Q1.

So I think it's just, we overperformed as the quarter progressed. We had a very strong September of sales throughput and that has some nice operating leverage on it, and that allowed a nice margin for us in the quarter, and we're really pleased with how that panned out.

And so as I tried to indicate in the prepared remarks, if you just take, to simplify things, if you take the first half of the year, pull out the net benefit of IEEPA tariff refunds, you're at sort of a little high 19.7% EBITDA margin, something in that ballpark. And if you look at our implied second half of the year and our outlook that we just gave, we're implying that the second half is going to look similar to that.

And so I think we're trying to signal that we're sustaining that strong margin performance, and there'll be quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in where margins land depending on the mix, but we're really pleased with sort of how things are coming together from a margin and synergy perspective.

David Wilson

Yes. And James, you recall on a pro forma basis, we ended last year at 18.5% pro forma EBITDA margins. And so this is a nice progression from that point.

James Kirby

Right. That sounds great. Maybe, David, second question. You talked about the revenue synergies in the prepared remarks. I know probably not ready to give or provide a flavor of kind of the size of opportunity there. But just on the market share you're seeing or potential market share gains, maybe just any more color you can share there in terms of region or product that you're seeing potential for market share for maybe the top line synergies you talked about?

David Wilson

Yes. I mean I think we're seeing it across the organization on a global basis. We're seeing opportunities to sell our products that are Legacy CMCO products into the Kito Crosby channels. We're seeing the same opportunities to sell Kito Crosby products into the Legacy CMCO channels.

Our combined organization presents a more valuable combined offering to the market, which is creating opportunities for us to continue to grow and position ourselves well with customers.

As I said in the prepared remarks, the feedback that we've been receiving from our customers post acquisition and the way that we've been responding both with our actions in the business as well as in the way that we've been responsive to customer needs has received really favorable responses from customers.

And we believe that the combined portfolio, the extended reach, and our focus on improved execution, improving on-time delivery, and customer experience is leading to the opportunity for us to grow the business and gain some share.

And so we're seeing opportunities that we've realized in all geographies. Perhaps if it were weighted slightly, it might be more weighted towards the Americas and the initial phases of this, just simply given our concentration and more fulsome position in that market.

Operator

Our next question will be from Matt Summerville with D.A. Davidson.

Matt Summerville

Can you talk a little bit about how we should expect free cash flow to cadence out for the balance of the year? You mentioned some potential tailwinds from working capital.

And then can you maybe also to the last question, talk about how much revenue and EBITDA may have ultimately been pulled forward, if that's the right way to think about that project acceleration you mentioned in Asia and Europe?

John Linker

Thanks, Matt. Yes. So from a cash flow standpoint, if you think about sort of year-to-date, some of the bigger buckets that we've had, we've got $90 million of cash interest expense year-to-date, $26 million of cash taxes year-to-date. We've called out the $24 million of cash deal costs year-to-date and then CapEx was sort of $16 million.

I think we've given guidance on sort of most of those elements for the full year. So the one outlier in that is that our working capital has definitely been a use of cash year-to-date.

Some of that is just our sales, on a pro forma basis, our sales are up about 8%. If you kind of look at the blend of Q1 and Q2. Ballpark, that's $80 million of sort of pro forma sales increase. And typically, our working capital runs about 30% of sales. So we've got some use of cash there of 30% of that $80 million of sales increase that is tied up on the balance sheet right now.

So in summary, we would expect the second half of the year certainly to see some unlock on that working capital of converting the AR and particularly the inventory into cash flow in the back half of the year and that use of cash would flip back to at least neutral, if not positive for the full year is kind of how we're thinking about cash flow generation.

So we certainly, the cash flow generation is significantly weighted in the second half.

I'll pause there in case, or I can go to your second question on sort of the second quarter.

Matt Summerville

Yes, the second quarter is great.

John Linker

Yes. On the second quarter, I wouldn't, we did call out 1 project in APAC. It was around $5 million that did get pulled forward based off of sort of customer needs, and that was a very high-margin project. And so it was enough to sort of skew our original outcome a bit in terms of some of the drivers from our original talking points for Q2.

Outside of that, I wouldn't cite any significant sort of pull-in type of activity that took place from a sales standpoint in Q2. It's just sort of normal course.

But just overall, we saw strong orders and that translated into strong sales in the quarter. And certainly, as I indicated, it got better as the quarter progressed, and we exited the quarter with just a really nice September.

Our lifting hardware business in the U.S. was particularly strong, which was in that short cycle, which we have less visibility to when we give comments at the beginning of the quarter, and that business really progressed well as the quarter progressed into Q2.

Matt Summerville

And then just as a quick follow-up, can you be a little bit more specific around where you were from a price/cost spread standpoint in Q2 and how we should be thinking about that spread in Q3 and Q4?

John Linker

So we called out, on a pro forma basis, we called out the 4 points of price for the combined business. We're not in a position to sort of quantify the specifics of the price cost, but it was favorable. We did see inflation in both material costs as well as diesel. So it's not like all that price is dropping to the bottom line.

But as of right now, just given where we stand with sort of integration and analytics, I'm not in a position to sort of quantify the exact price/cost benefit in this context. But as we go through the back half of the year, we expect that price/cost relationship to remain favorable.

We're always going to be on our front foot, I should say, in terms of looking at other areas of inflation that might be of concern so that we can make further adjustments to pricing as needed. But based off where we sit today, we feel like we'll be able to maintain that favorable price cost in the second half.

Operator

Our next question will be from Jon Tanwanteng with CJS.

Jonathan Tanwanteng

And congrats on a nice quarter. I was wondering if you could go a little bit more into the detail on the end demand and the drivers of outperformance, particularly in EMEA and Europe. As you mentioned data centers has been stronger in North America. There was an energy project in Asia that pulled forward. But what are the countries and the actual applications that are driving the stronger-than-expected demand that you're seeing in those regions?

David Wilson

Yes. Thanks, Jon. I would say that it's been largely energy, general industrial demand. And as we called out, we did see some increased demand in defense. And so from my perspective, those would be 3 primary drivers outside of normal economic activity that sort of showed up a little bit better for us in the period in Europe.

And we continue to execute in that region on a number of key initiatives from cross-selling to market reach. We did call out the very specific project in energy that we got with Saudi Arabia, as John highlighted. The markets for the mobility market are percolating.

There's a lot of really interesting activity in our rail business, notably that was in the funnel. But in the quarter, it would primarily be energy, general industrial, and I'd say defense outside of the normal level of activity.

Jonathan Tanwanteng

Got it. And then just to clarify on the last quarter, you had highlighted that there would be some maybe headwinds getting things into the Middle East. Has that bottleneck been cleared and you can ship there now? Or is that still in place?

David Wilson

Yes. I mean it remains challenging, but we've found ways to navigate. And so while routes to delivering into that market have evolved and the time to deliver might be a little bit longer, we're finding ways to execute and get our product to our customers, but it's not in the same and as efficient a way as we had previously been able to.

Jonathan Tanwanteng

Understood. And then just a quick one for John. It looks like you took down your CapEx by a little bit. Was something pushed out? Or did you get more efficient as something else happened? Just wondering what's going on there.

John Linker

No, nothing pushed out. We've just underspent sort of our original budget so far year-to-date with other focuses on integration activities. And so it's just a push out. There's no signaling there in terms of anything else just lowering our expectations slightly.

David Wilson

Yes, just timing.

Operator

Our last question will be from Steve Ferazani with Sidoti.

Steve Ferazani

Appreciate all the commentary this morning. Just wanted to touch on sort of longer term where you are on the leverage journey. It sounds like I wouldn't have expected you to make progress in the first 2 quarters. It sounds like you made a little bit. I think, John, you mentioned the expectation of a reversal of working capital, the typical second half.

Can you walk us through where you think you are? And can you provide us any thoughts on the cadence of how you're going to get there in the next 18 months?

John Linker

Thanks, Steve. We continue to have confidence in hitting the 4x by the end of FY '28. Based off of how we are reporting our leverage in these calls, we are taking into account the run rate of the synergies of the $70 million synergies in these ratio numbers that we're giving.

So that would imply in order for us to achieve the 4x by FY '28, we need to grow the core business EBITDA as well as generate free cash flow fairly significantly. And as I just indicated, we do expect some free cash flow generation in the second half of the year just from unlocking the temporary working capital investment from the sales growth.

And as we move into next year, I continue to see significant opportunities just to improve underlying working capital metrics themselves. So if you look at inventory turns and DSO and DPO, we absolutely see opportunity to move the needle on those metrics.

And today, we're at about 2.5x inventory turns. And if we could get back to 3x, for example, that would be a significant unlock in terms of free cash flow and a step change in generation. So I'd say that is a big area of focus over the next 18 months is that discipline around the balance sheet and cash flow and making sure that we see that come through and the whole organization is centered around making sure that we generate cash flow and delever.

And then back on the core business, while we're not yet giving outlook for FY '28 here, we'll certainly do that in the coming quarters. But in order for us to achieve the 4x, it's not just going to be a free cash flow story. There's got to be some core business EBITDA generation. And given how orders are trending this year, we've posted a couple of good quarters of orders.

Some of that's already feeding FY '28, and we have the visibility of the synergies that we're achieving that we know we're going to get the carryforward of in FY '28. That's what gives us confidence to sort of say that EBITDA is going to continue to improve into FY '28.

So the combination of those 2 things is what gives us the visibility to say that 4x by the end of FY '28 is still what's the focus area and confidence in what we hope to achieve.

Steve Ferazani

Now that we're a couple of quarters in, have you started to more fully explore what the opportunities to expand with Kito Crosby are in terms of cross-selling and other initiatives that could be a driver to growth and margin in '28, '29? And if I can just sort of add on how you think the macro needs to hold up to get to your targets by the end of next year?

David Wilson

Yes. We have, Steve, we've been working on that since pre-acquisition and have been really deep into it since we've closed the deal. There are a lot of cross-selling opportunities geography by geography. We're doing work on sales training and development. We're doing work on channel development.

We're looking at our supply chains and the availability of product and materials in regions. We have identified a list of initiatives basically region by region, which is how we're executing within the business today and are delivering on those in large part in the early innings. They build over time.

We haven't given a guidance number, but we do believe that there is upside potential from revenue synergies that have not been factored into our forward guide and in our synergy number overall that we've been communicating, which is more of a net cost synergy savings target.

So we're really pleased with the progress we're making, I feel good about the way the early developments have unfolded. And we're not counting on a lot different in terms of the market dynamics. We know that there have been positive drivers, megatrends that we do think will continue, but we're not counting on something that's materially different going into '28 and '29 to support the trajectory that we have, more of a sustained level of activity at current levels to support what we're trying to achieve in the out periods.

Operator

Thank you, Steve. That concludes the Q&A section of the earnings call. I would now turn the call back over to Mr. Wilson for closing remarks.

David Wilson

Thank you, Anas, and thank you to everyone for joining us this morning. We're pleased with the strong start to the year and our progress that we are making across the combined organization.

We have significant opportunities ahead of us, and our confidence continues to grow in our ability to drive sustainable organic growth, expand margins, generate strong free cash flow, and reduce debt.

Most importantly, I want to thank our more than 7,000 team members around the world for their continued focus on our customers and strong execution.

We look forward to updating you on our progress next quarter. Thank you very much for joining us today.

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.