Economic Calendar

IPO stands for Initial Public Offering. When a private company decides to offer its shares to the public and institutional investors for the first time through a stock exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq, or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and thereby becomes a public company, the process is called an IPO. For the company: By issuing IPO shares, the company can raise a large amount of capital from global capital markets within a short time, which can be used for business expansion, technology research and development, debt repayment, or mergers and acquisitions. For investors: An IPO gives retail and institutional investors an opportunity to enter at an early stage. If the company later grows into an industry giant, such as early Amazon or Apple, investors who participated in the IPO subscription may receive substantial long-term returns. However, newly listed stocks are usually accompanied by high volatility and uncertainty on the first trading day and during the early stage after listing.

To date, the largest initial public offering (IPO) in global financial history was the listing of Saudi Aramco on the Saudi Stock Exchange, Tadawul, in December 2019.

The offering price shown in the IPO calendar, such as $14-$16, is an estimated range. It is initially determined by the company's underwriters, or investment banks, based on the company's financial condition, industry valuation, and the results of institutional investor bookbuilding. The final price may not necessarily stay within this range. If market response is extremely strong and the IPO is oversubscribed by dozens of times, the final official offering price may be higher than the upper end of the range. Conversely, if market demand is weak, the company may have to lower the offering price, or even postpone or cancel the IPO.