무디스 2026년 3분기 실적 발표회: 매출 20억 달러 돌파, 가이던스 유지

핵심 요약

• 무디스(Moody’s Corporation, NYSE: MCO)가 3분기 연속으로 분기 매출 20억 달러를 돌파했다. 조정 희석주당순이익(EPS)은 전년 동기 대비 6% 증가했으며, 조정 영업이익률은 52.6%를 기록했다.
• 무디스 인베스터스 서비스(MIS) 매출은 등급 평가 채권 발행량이 약 1조 7,000억 달러로 2% 감소함에 따라 전년 동기 대비 1% 감소한 11억 달러를 기록했다. 투자적격 등급의 호조는 레버리지 파이낸싱 활동의 둔화로 상쇄되었다.
• 무디스 애널리틱스(MA)의 연간 반복 매출(ARR)은 약 8% 증가한 37억 달러로 분기를 마감했다. 고객 유지율은 95%를 유지했으며, 조정 영업이익률은 100bp 확대된 35.3%를 기록했다.
• AI 인프라 및 하이퍼스케일러 자금 조달이 신용등급 평가의 주요 동인으로 작용했다. 경영진은 광의의 AI 관련 채권 발행이 올해 누적 발행량 증가의 절반을 소폭 상회하고 매출 증가의 약 40%를 차지했다고 밝혔다.
• 무디스는 한 자릿수 후반대의 매출 성장률, 52%~53%의 조정 영업이익률, 16.50달러~17.00달러의 조정 희석 EPS 등 연간 실적 전망치를 유지했다.
• 올해 누적 잉여현금흐름은 전년 동기 대비 22% 증가한 22억 달러를 기록했다. 무디스는 약 26억 달러 규모의 자사주를 매입했으며, 연간 최대 30억 달러의 자사주 매입을 지속할 것으로 예상했다.

주요 재무 데이터

사업 및 운영 실적

무디스 인베스터스 서비스

AI 인프라 및 하이퍼스케일러의 자금 조달에 힘입어 투자적격 등급 채권 발행량이 3분기 기준 역대 최고치를 기록했다. 투자적격 등급 매출은 발행량이 16% 증가함에 따라 18% 늘어났다. 반면, 레버리지 파이낸싱 활동이 둔화되면서 하이일드 및 은행 대출 매출은 각각 40%, 27% 감소했다.

이번 분기의 발행 조합(mix)은 수익성이 낮고 발행 빈도가 높은 대규모(점보) 거래가 포함되어 매출에 비호의적이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 신규 수임, 가치 기반 가격 정책, 관리 대상 신용 평가의 증가에 힘입어 MIS의 반복 매출은 8% 증가했다.

최초 신용평가 수임은 40% 증가하며 5년 만에 분기 기준 최고치를 기록했다. 이에 따라 무디스는 연간 최초 수임 전망치를 900~950건으로 상향 조정했다. 등급 평가를 받은 사모 신용(Private Credit) 거래도 전년 동기 대비 40% 이상 증가했다.

경영진은 향후 4년간 미국 및 EMEA(유럽·중동·아프리카) 지역의 차환(리파이낸싱) 수요가 5조 달러를 상회한다고 밝혔다. 미국 내 약 11% 증가를 포함해 투자적격 등급의 만기 도래액은 약 5% 증가했다.

무디스 애널리틱스

MA의 반복적 자체 고정환율 기준 매출은 9% 증가하여 부문 매출의 약 99%를 차지했다. 의사결정 솔루션(Decision Solutions) ARR은 KYC 부문 12%, 보험 부문 약 10%, 은행 부문 8% 성장에 힘입어 10% 증가했다. 여신(Lending) ARR은 12% 상승했다.

리서치 및 인사이트(Research & Insights) ARR은 무디스 원뷰(Moody’s OneView)에 힘입어 약 6% 증가했다. 데이터 및 정보(Data & Information) ARR은 오르비스(Orbis)를 비롯한 신용평가 데이터 피드 및 제품 수요를 반영해 7% 성장했다.

경영진은 MA의 이익률 확대 원인을 포트폴리오 단순화, 기술 플랫폼 통합, AI 도입 초기의 효율성 덕분으로 돌렸다. 무디스는 인력 성장을 제한하면서 데이터 자산과 기술에 대한 투자를 지속했다.

낮은 수준에서 시작된 AI 도입은 지속적으로 확대되었다. 3개월 동안 MCP 사용자는 4배 이상 증가했고, 사용량은 10배 이상 늘어났다. 이번 분기 동안 MCP 액세스 비용을 지불하는 고객 수도 2배 이상 증가했다. 경영진은 AI가 임베디드 애플리케이션, 에이전트, 워크플로, 그리고 MCP 및 API를 통한 무디스 인텔리전스로의 직접 접근을 통해 기여하고 있다고 설명했다.

경영진 실적 전망(가이던스)

경영진은 4분기 등급 평가 채권 발행량이 전년 동기 대비 10%대 중반의 비율로 감소할 것으로 예상하고 있다. MIS 매출은 일반적인 계절성으로 인해 전분기 대비 감소하겠지만, 전년 동기 대비로는 한 자릿수 비율로 성장할 것으로 예상된다.

이 전망은 MA의 연중 가장 큰 판매 및 갱신 기간 동안의 지속적인 실적 달성을 전제로 한다. 또한 경영진은 기본 전제에 2026년 하이퍼스케일러 자금 조달의 대부분이 이미 완료된 것으로 반영되어 있어, 추가적인 하이퍼스케일러 채권 발행이 상방 요인(upside)을 제공할 수 있음을 언급했다.

리스크 및 주요 점검 사항

• 미 국채 금리 상승에 따라 기회주의적 발행체들이 선별적으로 대응하면서, 기저효과가 높았던 전년 동기 대비 레버리지 파이낸싱이 약세를 보였다.
• 스프레드 확대, 변동성 지속 또는 투자적격 미달 등급 발행체의 시장 접근 제약 심화는 매출과 조정 EPS를 가이던스의 하단으로 밀어낼 수 있다.
• 경영진은 국채 적자 우려, 지리적 갈등, 미국 중간선거를 시장 불안을 야기할 수 있는 잠재적 요인으로 꼽았다.
• 4분기는 남은 채권 발행 영업일 수가 적어 실행 및 시기 적절성에 대한 민감도가 높아진다.
• AI 수익화는 아직 초기 단계다. 많은 고객이 가치 검증(proof-of-value) 시범 운영부터 시작하며, 경영진은 도입 및 매출 지표가 점진적으로 확대될 것이라고 밝혔다.
• 무디스는 일부 KYC 고객을 오르비스 카탈리스트(Orbis Catalyst)에서 맥스사이트(Maxsight) 플랫폼으로 이전하는 작업이 일정보다 지연되었다며, 노력을 강화하고 있다고 밝혔다.

애널리스트 Q&A 주요 내용

AI 수익화: 경영진은 AI 매출이 단일 매출 항목으로 표시되기보다는 제품 도입, 참여도, 신규 판매, 갱신 활동 및 수주 성공률 전반에 걸쳐 분산되어 나타난다고 설명했다. 오픈 MCP 기회가 대폭 증가했으며, 금액 기준 파이프라인의 약 절반이 2분기 말 이후 창출되었다.

AI 및 하이퍼스케일러 자금 조달: 무디스 애널리스트들은 2026년 관련 설비투자(CapEx)를 약 8,000억 달러로 추정하며, 2027년에는 1조 달러 이상으로 증가할 가능성이 있다고 보고 있다. 경영진은 AI 인프라 투자와 하이퍼스케일러의 채권 발행이 지속 성장할 것으로 예상하면서도, 발행 빈도가 높은 주체에 대한 가격 정책으로 인해 대형 거래가 매출 조합 관점에서는 상대적으로 유익함이 떨어진다고 지적했다.

사모 신용: 무디스는 공모 신용과 사모 신용 자금 조달 사이에서 중립을 유지하는 것을 목표로 한다. 경영진은 사모 시장 전반에서 독립적인 신용 위험 평가와 무디스의 신용 체계를 확장하기 위한 수단으로 MSCI 및 올뷰(Allvue)와의 파트너십을 강조했다.

보험 애널리틱스: 배상책임(Casualty) 보험은 비교적 작은 사업 부문이었으나 가장 빠르게 성장하는 보험 영역 중 하나였다. 무디스는 배상책임 및 금융라인(Financial Lines)의 위험 신호를 식별하기 위해 데이터와 모델을 로이즈 오브 런던(Lloyd’s of London)의 과거 시장 정보와 결합하는 작업을 진행하고 있다.

AI 기능에 대한 가격 정책: 경영진은 고객들이 AI 플랫폼과 그 기반이 되는 데이터에 대한 예산을 확보하고 있지만, 일반적으로 측정 가능한 가치의 증명을 요구한다고 밝혔다. 무디스는 자사 도구가 더 높은 정확도, 효율성 및 효과성을 입증하는 영역에서 가격 책정의 기회가 있다고 보고 있다.

실적발표 콘퍼런스 콜 전문

전체 실적 발표 컨퍼런스 콜 녹취록

경영진 발표

Operator

Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Moody's Corporation Third Quarter 2026 Earnings Call. At this time, I would like to inform you that this conference is being recorded. [Operator Instructions] This call is scheduled to last approximately 1 hour.

I will now turn the call over to Shivani Kak, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Shivani Kak

Thank you, and thank you for joining us today. I'm Shivani Kak, Head of Investor Relations at Moody's. This morning, we reported our third quarter 2026 results. The press release and today's presentation are posted at ir.moodys.com.

We'll reference non-GAAP or adjusted measures. Please see the tables in our earnings release for reconciliations to U.S. GAAP. Today's remarks may include forward-looking statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Please see the safe harbor language in our earnings release and the risk factors and MD&A in our most recent Form 10-K and other SEC filings available on our website and the SEC's website. These factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied. Members of the media may be listening in a listen-only basis.

And with that, I'll turn it over to Rob.

Robert Fauber

Thanks, Shivani, and hello, everybody. Thanks for joining us today. So Moody's delivered another quarter of strong profitability and earnings growth with disciplined execution and healthy cash generation amidst an increasingly complex operating environment.

I want to start with a few key takeaways. So first, Moody's topped $2 billion in revenue for the third straight quarter, and we built on a record quarter from last year. Overall rated issuance declined 2%, yet we delivered adjusted operating margin of 52.6% and adjusted diluted EPS growth of 6%. And I think this really illustrates the resilience of the Moody's franchise and our ability to perform across a range of market environments even as market conditions became more uneven during the quarter.

Now second, the investment agenda is intact. And I acknowledge that issuance can be volatile from quarter-to-quarter. And amidst a mixed backdrop, MIS delivered its second strongest third quarter on record. And financing activity tied to AI infrastructure remained very strong in the quarter while on the other hand, leverage finance activity moderated against a strong prior year comp and more selective issuance environment. And MIS delivered an adjusted operating margin of 64.4%. I think that's proof of our disciplined cost management, preserving the operating leverage in the business.

In MA, ARR grew approximately 8%. That was in line with our high single-digit outlook driven by healthy retention and strong recurring revenue growth, and we continue to see some encouraging momentum across several growth areas. That includes lending, insurance, KYC private credit and AI-enabled solutions. And we expanded MA's adjusted operating margin by 100 basis points versus last year to 35.3%, and we're on track to achieve our full year target. Finally, the quarter reinforced the measured approach that we've been taking to guidance throughout the year. And following a very strong second quarter, you'll all recall, we chose not to raise guidance in July, recognizing challenging issuance comps and some question marks about the global macro environment in the second half of the year. And as the third quarter unfolded, strength in some markets was offset by softness in others. And to that end, we are reaffirming our full year guidance metrics, and we'll talk about the puts and takes to that guidance later in the call.

So let me move to ratings. While issuance activity moderated during the quarter, my broader view of the funding deep current has not changed. And for several years now, we've discussed this very significant capital investment requirements across the global economy. That's across AI infrastructure and data centers, power generation and transmission, renewable energy and carbon transition, defense and security, transportation infrastructure, the world continues to require substantial amounts of investment capital. And those long-term funding requirements are creating durable opportunities for debt financing and capital formation. We continue to see evidence of that in many parts of the market, particularly in sectors tied to AI infrastructure and power investment where issuance increased approximately fourfold from the third quarter of last year.

Meanwhile, certain markets, most notably leveraged finance, were softer than the very strong issuance levels of a year ago and overall issuance reflected that dynamic. But the broader forces driving global capital needs remain in place. That said, our results reflect much more than just AI-related transaction. And I'm going to spotlight a couple of examples. First, in private credit, the number of rated deals grew by more than 40% year-over-year and market innovation continues. Good example of that is a deal called AMAPS 6. That's a broadly diversified, actively managed multi-asset credit vehicle from Apollo. And that deal allocates across 5 evergreen strategies, and we rated -- we rated billions of dollars of debt out of this vehicle, showcasing our analytical depth and complex private credit-related structures.

Second, in emerging markets, we're acquiring a minority stake in PhilRatings. That's our sixth domestic credit rating agency affiliate in Asia Pac. It gives us a leading position in the Philippines, where more than $100 billion of infrastructure investment is planned by 2030. And Southeast Asia's domestic bonds outstanding are more than twice the size of cross-border holdings and growing, and this investment enhances our very strong position in domestic debt markets around the world.

Now as markets evolve, our analytical frameworks are evolving with them, and our new cross-sector digital infrastructure methodological framework integrates corporate and project finance analytical approaches to assess an asset class characterized by distinct business models, financing structures and credit profiles. And this is critical to how Moody's ensures analytical rigor and consistency across AI infrastructure buildouts. So taken together, these deep currents are translating into strong growth in new rating relationships. First-time mandates increased 40% in the third quarter. That's the highest quarterly total in 5 years. And this is notable because it really demonstrates the continued importance, relevance and value of a Moody's rating in a rapidly changing world.

Now this leads me to our annual refinancing study, which highlights the -- really the sheer magnitude of debt coming due over the next several years. And that outstanding debt must ultimately be refinanced and that creates substantial and highly visible foundation for future issuance activity. And while markets will inevitably experience periods of volatility, this refinancing cycle remains an important structural driver of long-term transaction volumes. Over the next 4 years, refinancing needs across the U.S. and EMEA topped $5 trillion for the second straight year. And while there is a modest decline from last year, it reflects a combination of FX and maturity extensions primarily in leveraged finance. However, investment-grade maturities grew about 5%, with the U.S. leading the way at approximately 11% growth and pull-forward activity generally stayed within historical norms.

So recent issuance also carries tenors longer than 4 years. So the strength of the last several years will show up beyond the standard 4-year window. In fact, the U.S. 5-year view provides additional [ legal ] context refinancing needs grew approximately 4% to about $3.5 trillion, and the former peak maturity year in 2028, that's now 2031. So reach out to our Investor Relations team if you're interested in a copy of these reports. And as you've likely heard me say, but I want to say it again, analytical rigor robust methodologies and ratings quality are and will remain our North Star. And Moody's ratings are the benchmark standard for pricing credit risk and we hold the line ratings integrity even on marquee transactions. And we've seen several recent transactions priced closer to our assessment when our rating diverges from the market or isn't present, reinforcing the credibility of our methodologies and analytical approach with investors. So for Moody's ratings, I think the through line is clear. Markets will ebb and flow, but the multiyear funding needs are intact and Moody's is the agency of choice for issuers and investors alike.

All right. So now let me turn to Moody's Analytics. And we delivered another solid quarter, driven by continued momentum across several of our core growth areas that includes lending, insurance, KYC, private markets and AI-enabled solutions. And we were pleased to be named #1 in the Chartis RiskTech100 for the fifth consecutive year with a record 18 category wins across credit, insurance data and AI. And while I get that awards are not the objective, we do view this as valuable external validation of the strength of our capabilities.

And I want to spotlight a few of our fastest-growing areas. I'm going to start with insurance where ARR grew 10% this past quarter. So Cristina and I recently attended Rendez-vous in Europe. And our conversations increasingly centered on how Moody's can help address the industry's biggest challenges, including reducing the protection gap bringing more alternative capital into the market and delivering better real-time insights and productivity to the industry. And this led to some great discussions about our new offerings in casualty, in cat bonds and our AI-enabled intelligent risk platform and more. The fastest growth areas in insurance this past quarter were cat risk and casualty solutions.

In cat modeling, we continue to drive adoption of our IRP our high-definition model suite and our risk data lake, all of which offer the ability to deliver upsell with existing customers as well as bring in new customers to the platform. And a great example of this is with a top 3 U.S. auto and property insurer. They wanted to unify their hurricane, earthquake and wildfire risk workflows into a single environment. And so they adopted our IRP, which integrates third-party and in-house models along with our high-definition models, including wildfire allowing us to more than double the ARR with this customer. And perhaps more importantly, it represents further adoption by one of the leading primary insurers paving the way for greater penetration into the primary market beyond reinsurers and brokers.

Another great win in the quarter was with the top-tier global reinsurance broker who signed a new 5-year agreement that included adoption of our full global model suite. That drove nearly 14% ARR growth with this customer and demonstrated the opportunities for substantial growth with existing customers through broader adoption of our platform capabilities and our models. In banking, growth was driven by the lending suite, which grew ARR by 12% and remains one of our most compelling growth opportunities. One example was a major new bank logo in Mexico, rounding out our footprint across the country's top 5 banks. The bank is deploying Moody's lending suite as it automates the entire end-to-end credit process with our origination to monitoring platform as the foundation and giving us a flagship reference account for further Latin American expansion.

Now turning to KYC and compliance, we continue to see good momentum, particularly in the public sector. In this past quarter, we expanded our relationship with a fast-growing supply chain analytics company signing a 5-year reseller agreement that will extend Orbis penetration into multiple government agencies. Another example, a new federal agency in Germany is deploying our data and compliance solutions to power investigative and intelligence workflows. We also renewed an agreement with the European Commission to support the next generation of ARACHNE, its risk scoring and data mining platform designed to help protect EU funds against fraud and financial risk. And collectively, these examples show how we're monetizing our data and analytics into use cases like national security, defense, fraud and beyond. And we see further opportunities across the public sector, both in the U.S. and Europe.

Now turning to AI. Our AI-enabled screening capabilities enabled us to displace an incumbent with a large and sophisticated bank. Screening is a prime space for agentic tools coupled with Moody's decision grade data. For example, a top 5 U.S. commercial bank adopted our compliant solution to reduce false positives and improve screening effectiveness and efficiency. Now zooming out Customers are adopting AI across every way they access Moody's through MCP-enabled interfaces and APIs into their own AI platforms, through AI built into our applications and through partner platforms where they already work. And some of our largest and most sophisticated customers are bringing Moody's data and research directly into their own AI platforms through MCPs and adoption is accelerating.

So it is early days. But in just the last 3 months, users have more than quadrupled and usage is up more than tenfold. And particularly important, analysts using the MCP are reaching 3x more content on a working day while still accessing it in our own platforms. Those are our research MCPs. In addition to MCPs though, we're making AI available in our own applications. So in insurance, for example, we're embedding AI into underwriting exposure management and portfolio workflows in the IRP. Our risk data refinery turns unstructured submissions into analytics-ready data with around 95% first pass accuracy. Customers can cut slip interpretation time by as much as 80% to 90% and statement of values preparation by up to 75%, and that means less time wrangling data and faster underwriting decisions.

And building on this, we're also investing in the demand in growing markets and deepening our bench of strategic partnerships. And I want to just give you 2 examples from the quarter. So first, in private credit, our Allvue partnership pairs Moody's forward-looking models with Allvue's loan-level private credit data. And we believe that this gives us the best view of credit risk in the private markets. And in turn, that gives lenders and investors an independent view of emerging borrowers stress, helping support underwriting, portfolio monitoring valuation and risk oversight. And second, in casualty insurance, Moody's and Lloyd's of London are partnering to combine our data and models with Lloyd's historical market data to pinpoint which signals predict casualty and financial lines risk where exposure is concentrated and when underwriting cycles are turning. And this is really the same playbook that we've run in other insurance lines, but now applied to a large underpenetrated casualty market and with one of the most important players in the global insurance industry.

So before I turn it over to Noemie, Cristina just marked her first 100 days leading MA, and she's brought a real sense of urgency and ambition. She spent a lot of time on the road with customers. She's challenging us to think differently and moving quickly on the foundational changes that I believe can unlock the next phase of growth. So big picture, even as the operating environment we face keeps evolving. The examples that I shared reinforce our confidence in the opportunities ahead. Substantial financing needs underpin ratings, demand for our decision grade intelligence underpins Moody's Analytics and AI is amplifying the value of the trusted data, insight and analytical context that's at the heart of everything we do.

So Noemie, over to you.

Noemie Heuland

Thank you, Rob, and hello, everyone. Let me start with Moody's Analytics. Moody's Analytics delivered 3% reported revenue growth versus last year, and that's 8% on an organic constant currency basis. Recurring organic constant currency revenue grew 9%, and that now represents about 99% of total MA revenue.

Transactional revenue declined 76% year-over-year, primarily reflecting the Learning Solutions divestiture. We ended the quarter with $3.7 billion in annualized recurring revenue, ARR and that's up approximately 8% year-over-year, and we are on track to meet our full year guidance. Retention was very strong at 95% on a trailing 12-month basis and that reflects the mission-critical nature of our solutions and the durability of our customer relationships, underpinned by trust and delivery of outcomes. Decision Solutions ARR grew 10% and that's very consistent with the prior quarter, and that represents about 44% of MA ARnR. Within Decision Solutions, KYC ARR grew 12% and that's driven by healthy demand across KYC data use cases, as you just heard from Rob.

Insurance ARR grew nearly 10%, driven by strong demand for [indiscernible] data and modeling solutions and particularly strong retention across the portfolio. Banking ARR grew 8% and with strategic growth areas such as lending, up 12% versus last year and leading performance. While more mature parts of the portfolio, we're growing at a more measured pace, which is consistent with our prior commentary. Research & Insights reported revenue growth of 3% reflects a tough Q3 comparison as the prior year period benefited from revenue recognition on large on-prem contract renewals. ARR grew about 6%, supported by Moody's OneView, which brings our research, data and AI-powered research assistant together in a single platform. CreditView customers moving to OneView are getting a richer, more integrated solution, and that added value is translating into an uplift at renewal. And OneView is also expanding our research to customers who haven't used it before.

In Q3, a large quantitative trading firm with more than $1 trillion in AUM, already a Moody's data customer converted a research trial into a multiyear agreement to access OneView research by API. It's a strong validation of our proof-of-value approach and it shows the opportunity to bring our research into quantitative investment workflows. Data & Information ARR grew 7%, reflecting demand for ratings data feeds and the data estate, including Orbis. We also signed a new deal with SAP to launch Moody's Supplier Intelligence for Ariba, embedding our data directly into supplier onboarding, assessment and monitoring within SAP. This win displaces a competitor and establishes Moody's as a strategic intelligence partner to SAP with potential to expand across its global customer base.

Along the same lines, we signed a multiyear private market data distribution partnership with one of the world's largest asset managers embedding Moody's Company intelligence, including Orbis into its next-generation private market platform. This expands the reach of our data across the private market ecosystem and create opportunities for future growth. And we also expanded our relationship with a global technology customer, deepening its use of Orbis for lead identification and arrangement. The relationship has grown 2.5x in under 2 years, with Moody's data now embedded in its global sales workflow. So across these examples, the pattern we are observing is very consistent. Customers are increasingly embedding Moody's data and analytics into their core workflows that strengthen our position in day-to-day decision-making and creates opportunities to deepen and expand those relationships over time.

Turning to profitability. MA adjusted operating margin was 35.3% and that's up 100 basis points year-over-year. We're seeing the benefits of simplifying the portfolio, consolidating our technology platforms and beginning to capture efficiencies from AI, helping us manage head count growth while continuing to invest in priority areas like our data estate and technology. And importantly, we're doing both funding growth and expanding margins.

Shifting to ratings. Rated issuance moderated in the summer as expected, but remained very strong by historical standards. At approximately $1.7 trillion, issuance was down 2% year-over-year against a very strong comparison while still representing the second highest third quarter level on record. Importantly, and as you heard from Rob, this headline figure masks considerable variation across asset classes, with strength in investment-grade infrastructure financing, offset by softer leveraged finance activity. Markets remain largely constructive in the third quarter, with the issuers moving quickly when windows were open. Resilient investor demand, continued AI and hyperscale related financing and ongoing infrastructure needs supported issuance.

Credit spreads remained relatively stable for most of the quarter before widening by approximately 10% towards the end of September amid rising macro and policy uncertainty. But even with that widening, spreads remain near historical tight. MIS revenue was $1.1 billion, down 1% in the third quarter -- against this tough compare in the third quarter last year. Importantly, the relationship between issuance and transaction revenue this quarter reflects the mix. Issuance declined 2%, while transaction revenue declined 5%. Third quarter issuance was driven by lower-yielding jumbo transactions and frequent issuers, while at the same time, higher yielding leverage finance issuers significantly pulled back their issuance activities. And you can see that clearly within Corporate Finance. High yield and bank loan revenue declined 40% and 27%, respectively, while investment-grade revenue increased 18% on 16% issuance growth.

Investment-grade issuance reached a third quarter record, supported by AI infrastructure and hyperscaler financing. And year-to-date, jumbo corporate issuance has already surpassed the full year 2025 level. There was a similar mix dynamics in the financial institutions group where issuance came predominantly from banking issuers on frequent issuer pricing contracts. PPIF grew across projects, infrastructure and U.S. public finance, including data center-related activity. And structured finance benefited from ABS, RMBS and CMBS that was partially offset by lower CLO activity.

Recurring revenue grew 8% on new mandates, value-based pricing and growth in monitored credits. First-time mandates support future recurring revenue, like what you see this quarter. And given our performance to date and visibility into our pipeline, we're raising our full year first-time mandate outlook to a range of [ 900 to 950 ]. MIS adjusted operating margin remained strong at 64.4%, down approximately 80 basis points year-over-year, but the margin reflects continued disciplined resource allocation and technology investment while preserving investment capacity to support future growth.

Moving on to insurance outlook. Markets remain open and the pipeline is robust, supported by continued refinancing needs M&A activity and significant financing requirements around AI, data centers and broader infrastructure. Against that backdrop, our overall issuance outlook remains unchanged at mid-single-digit percent growth. with some shifts in the underlying mix. As you can see on Slide 12, we're [ towering ] our expectation for high yield and leveraged loans given recent weakness, while raising our expectation for structured finance, financial institutions and PPIF. Our guidance reflects the range of potential outcomes from here, a sustained period of volatility, wider spreads or more constrained access for sub-investment-grade issuers could move us toward the lower end of our revenue and adjusted EPS ranges. Conversely, the pipeline remains healthy, and stronger M&A execution, continued AI and infrastructure financing or an improvement in leverage finance activity could provide additional upside.

Turning to guidance. We are maintaining our full year outlook for both businesses. For MIS, we continue to expect full year revenue growth in the high single-digit percent range, supported by continued AI, data center and GPU-related financing, with issuance trends varying across lines of businesses. What that means for the fourth quarter is we expect issuance to decline in the mid-teens percent versus the prior year, broadly consistent with the second half cadence we discussed last quarter, following very strong year-to-date activity and reflecting more tempered expectations for leveraged finance. We expect MIS revenue to decline sequentially versus the third quarter, very consistent with typical historical seasonality, while growing in the single-digit percent range versus the prior year and margins will follow a similar seasonal pattern as last year.

For MA, we continue to expect ARR growth in the high single-digit percent range and adjusted operating margin of 34% to 35%. The fourth quarter remains the largest sales and renewal period of the year, and our outlook assumes continued execution against the pipeline. At the MCO level, we're maintaining our guidance for the full year with revenue growth in the high single-digit percent range, adjusted operating margin of 52% to 53% and adjusted diluted EPS of $16.50 to $17, which represents 12% growth at the midpoint. Third quarter adjusted expenses increased 2% year-over-year, reflecting disciplined cost management, thoughtful capital allocation as we continue to invest behind our growth priorities. And we continue to expect mid-single-digit percent expense growth for the full year.

Our capital allocation priorities remain unchanged, investing to support growth, driving sustainable margin expansion, preserving balance sheet flexibility and returning excess capital to shareholders. Year-to-date, we have repurchased approximately $2.6 billion worth of shares and continue to expect up to $3 billion of repurchases for the full year. Free cash flow was $2.2 billion year-to-date. That's up 22% year-over-year, and we remain on track to return more than 130% of free cash flow to shareholders this year.

Now stepping back, the third quarter demonstrates the strength and consistency of our model, durable recurring growth in analytics, strong profitability and ratings, disciplined investments behind our growth priorities and significant cash generation. That financial strength gives us the flexibility to continue investing in the business while returning meaningful capital to shareholders.

Thank you, and operator, we'll now take the questions.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of George Tong with Goldman Sachs.

질의응답

Keen Fai Tong

You highlighted a more than 4x increase in MCP users and a more than 10x increase in AI usage over the last 3 months. Can you talk about where you're seeing the best evidence that this adoption is generating incremental revenue and incremental ARR rather than primarily supporting retention and engagement. And what needs to happen for AI to become a more meaningful contributor to MA's overall growth rate?

Robert Fauber

Yes, George. Thanks for the question. I'm going to zoom out here and help us all think about the ways that AI is being monetized across the MA product suite because it's not really just one line item. And I know people want that. But it's increasingly embedded across everything that we do. And it shows up in customer adoption, product engagement, new sales, win loss rates, renewals, everything, right?

In many cases, this stuff is table stakes.

And I would say that we see customers consuming our AI capabilities in 3 ways. So it's through AI that's embedded in our own applications, it's through AI agents and workflow that we provide, and it's through direct access to Moody's intelligence via MCPs and APIs into the environments that either customers are building or platforms that they're working on. So on the MCP side, look, I think I've talked -- been talking with investors, we got to start by looking at adoption and usage. And over time, we will see more and more revenue. So the number of customers paying for MCP access has more than doubled in this last quarter. It's still off of a small base. So we've made a lot of this available, but not all of the customers are able to consume the content via MCP. So a lot of customers are working on being able to take MCPs into their environment.

I can tell you that the open opportunities are up very substantially since the end of the second quarter, and about half of our pipeline by value has been created since the end of the second quarter. So we're seeing this start to come into the pipeline. And a lot of that is newly created demand. So you got to understand, there are new buying motions. Many customers want to start with a proof of value before they're committing. So I think we're going to see adoption and some of these revenue metrics progressively build. I mentioned a cohort of 1,000 trial research users. And again, this is really -- I think you want to look at the usage because we'll understand how we're going to price behind that. I talked about usage is growing more than 10x in just 3 months. And we're seeing the users consume a lot more of our content, 3.5x more content, 5x more companies. But then customers are also adopting AI inside of our workflows.

And I want to talk about insurance for a moment. So I gave some examples in my remarks about that risk data refinery, right? That's another application that sits on the IRP. It contributes to customers wanting to migrate to the IRP and contributes to new customers wanting to be on the IRP. That's where they can also access APIs, MCP interface. We have more than 700 APIs that allow customers to embed Moody's intelligence from the IRP directly into their workflows. So when you look at that 10% growth rate in insurance, you have to understand that the AI capabilities in the IRP are part and parcel of what is driving that 10% growth.

And let me shift to banking for a moment. So we have something called Banking Decision Intelligence. It's really like a connected brain that unifies our risk and finance capabilities across our application suite and creates almost like an auditable digital worker for banks, right? So this is sitting across our application stack in banking. We've already got 3 live customers. We've got a fourth that's done a completed proof of concept. We've got a number that are in trial. We're building pipeline. And we're hearing from customers, literally, they're saying to us, I had a team of analysts doing a certain kind of work, bringing information -- data and information across multiple disconnected applications that would take weeks and it's being done in minutes and hours. So not surprisingly, there's a lot of interest from our banking customers, and we're building pipeline.

In KYC, obviously, the Agentic opportunity is a very real one and going after both labor productivity and effectiveness. And off of a small base, our KYC agents are growing almost 3x faster than the KYC business as a whole. Again, it's small but it's growing.

So I guess, George, that was a long answer, but hopefully, it gives you a sense of the different ways that AI is coming into the numbers, and it's not always just going to be in one line that we can call out.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Andrew Steinerman with JPMorgan.

Andrew Steinerman

Could you please review the puts and takes on Moody's assumed fourth quarter issue ads, particularly talk about AI associated and MA associated financing? And also a quick point on fourth quarter typically being a briefer quarter for issuance seasonally.

Robert Fauber

Andrew, let me just start with kind of the market environment. And I would say that right now, we have a very healthy pipeline going into November. Obviously, we've seen treasuries widen out. We've got concerns about sovereign deficits and a very heavy issuance calendar that we've had that I think has put pressure on yields. But issuers with funding needs are still coming to market. And I would say the more opportunistic issuers, and those are particularly in leveraged finance, have been a little more selective about -- in terms of timing, which is what you'd expect.

And so the credit conditions, and we often see this, right, when there's a little bit more focus on risk, we see more differentiation in the investment grade and spec-grade issuers that come to market. But I'd say, first of all, the markets are open, they're constructive. And then I would say just in terms of kind of puts and takes, Andrew, for the quarter, so just to remind you, we're assuming a mid-teens year-over-year decline in issuance in the fourth quarter. And that's because in the fourth quarter of last year, we had some very strong activity from bank loan repricings, hyperscaler issuance, it's very significant last fourth quarter and banks. And some of that was not revenue mix friendly. But we -- so we have assumed a decline, a mid-teens decline. But -- and we've assumed that the hyperscalers have done most of their financing for the year. So if we see hyperscaler issuance in any size that's going to be upside. By the way, we still have a healthy pipeline of broader AI and data infrastructure that we think will come to the market.

And to your point about trading days, I think that's a really good point, Andrew, because there are a waning number of trading days left in the year. And so you've got issuers that are starting to think about prefunding 2027 needs on maybe dips in treasuries, getting ahead of a potentially higher rate environment and also thinking about getting it in front of or having a window where there's not as much hyperscaler debt financing in the market.

Now on the downside, I think this is pretty obvious, but we've got plenty of headline risk. We've got 2 wars raging around the world. We've got the U.S. midterms could be a wild card, by the way, we may see issuance get pulled in before inauguration in Congress. New Congress comes into session, so we're keeping an eye on that. So hopefully, that gives you a sense. I'm going to pause there because I'm sure we're going to get into the hyperscaler mix on issuance, but let me just pause there, okay?

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Jason Haas with Wells Fargo.

Jason Haas

I want to ask about some recent high-profile fines, for some KYC and anti-money laundering lapses with some large financial institutions that made some pretty big headlines. I'm curious to what extent that's a potential positive driver for your KYC business going forward?

Robert Fauber

Yes, Jason, I think it's a driver for the entire market. And it's interesting because there was a little bit of a narrative that had begun to build in the market where some folks were saying, well, it's been a while since we've seen some of these sizable fines and we're making such huge investments into KYC and financial crime compliance. And some of these things we're seeing recently, I think are just a stark reminder for everybody about the critical importance of getting all of this right.

And it's -- and it also goes to, Jason, it's not just about efficiency, and you've heard me say this before. The banks say this to us all the time. I've got to be more efficient, and I've got to be more effective. You have to do both of those things. And so from a KYC perspective, I mentioned that we're investing in our KYC agents. It's still early days there. I would also say that just in terms of our KYC business, and I noticed on the minds of some, but we have been working to migrate some customers from our old Orbis Catalyst over to our Maxsight platform. And so I think we've been a little bit behind in that migration. So we're redoubling our efforts to be able to do that and get more and more customers onto that new Maxsight platform that will offer us more and more monetization opportunities as well as agentic opportunities as well.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Scott Wurtzel with Wolfe Research.

Scott Wurtzel

I just wanted to talk about the banking subsegment within DS for a second. And you talked about maybe some more mature parts of bank growing at a more measured pace. Just wondering if you're thinking about any ways to sort of maybe accelerate that part of the business, whether it's strong go-to-market or new product introduction. Any color around that would be great.

Robert Fauber

Yes, Scott. Thanks for the question. And you've seen a few of the moves that we've made, cleaning up that banking portfolio, in particular, a few of the things that you've seen around both the learning business and the regulatory reporting business, we're in that banking segment. And that's all part of our drive to really focus in on what we think are the highest growth opportunities, and that is really around lending, which is obviously building on our core strength in credit and then risk and finance.

And so more and more, what we're hearing from companies is they want to be able to connect all of this. And that's why I mentioned, Scott, this decision intelligence layer that we're putting over the application suite that's allowing banks to get really unique new insights much, much faster than they have before. And it also goes to the value proposition of if you have 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 applications from Moody's. Now we're able to connect those applications and give banks unique intelligence that has either been very difficult to get or is actually unique intelligence that they just haven't gotten before.

So I think Cristina is very, very focused on thinking about how we're bundling our solutions, how we think about pricing and packaging to make this all easier for our customers. The last thing I would say, Scott, is while one of our fastest-growing offerings right now is our AI-enabled lending suite, we're also going to be working with what I'm going to call lighthouse customers. These are going to be early adopters who want to work with us where we can deploy FTEs to these customers and actually start co-building and agentic solution. So this may be a next-generation agentic lending workflow where we co-build with them. And we've got a number of customers that we're in discussions with to be those lighthouse customers.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Craig Huber with Huber Research Partners.

Craig Huber

I want to ask you a question, Rob, about hyperscalers. This question comes up a lot from investors. However you wanted to define that. But what is your estimate for the rated debt issuance for them in 2026 in aggregate? And what percentage of global debt issuance do you think that's going to be this year? And then my follow-on question is, I know it's early here, but for 2027, what is your thoughts here on the total debt issuance that may come out of the hyperscalers in aggregate? I mean I think -- do you have a sense of what you're hearing out there?

Robert Fauber

Yes. So Craig, thanks for the question. And Andrew, this will be responsive to the second part of your question as well. And I'm going to give you most of this answer, Craig, and you're going to be able to connect the dots here.

So the good news is that we are capturing growth from the AI infrastructure build out, just like many, many other companies that are part of this ecosystem. And at the moment, it's probably the strongest growth driver in the Ratings business, albeit one of a number of these elements of this financing super cycle that we're in. So from an issuance growth perspective, year-to-date, AI-related issuance has accounted for a little over half of total issuance growth. And that's AI infrastructure kind of broadly defined. I won't get into everything that's included in it, but it's not just hyperscalers. This is -- goes into data centers and things related to that.

Now from a revenue standpoint, that number is closer to 40%, and that's very consistent with what we've been telling you for much of the year that a lot of this big hyperscaler issuance is obviously now frequent -- kind of a frequent issuer commercial construct to it. So before anyone tries to turn a positive into a negative, I just -- I want to reinforce that I think we're in kind of a form of an intelligence revolution. And I have been out talking to this ecosystem, CFOs, CEOs, tech companies very extensively over the last several months. And everything I hear from them is that there is not a demand issue. There's really -- many companies would issue more debt if they could. So there is plenty of demand. You can see that in the remaining performance obligations with the hyperscalers, which continue to grow very substantially.

And when you look at our rating analysts have estimated there's something like $800 billion of CapEx for 2026. They expect that to grow to somewhere $1 trillion or more. So what that tells you, Craig, is we expect that there will be continued growth in the hyperscaler issuance and AI infrastructure build-out.

Craig Huber

Rob, sorry, is that $1 trillion you're talking about you guys are thinking for next year or a few years out? Or...

Robert Fauber

That's for next year. So that I think of $800 billion-ish this year of CapEx, call that $1 trillion -- north of $1 trillion next year. So we expect that there will be growth in the infrastructure build-out and hyperscaler issuance investment in CapEx in 2027.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Alex Kramm with UBS.

Alex Kramm

Just -- can we just touch on private credit for a little bit here. There's a lot of cross currents. Obviously, I think issuance is struggling a little bit relative to public markets, but you've been investing in that space a lot. At the same time, I think there continue to be headlines around some of the smaller rating agencies, maybe doing a lot of activity that people don't really see us correct. If that's the right word to use here. So yes, maybe just talk about your appetite to do more there, what you're seeing and how your role has been evolving here over the last few quarters.

Robert Fauber

Yes, Alex, thanks. And we've talked about this a lot over the last number of quarters and we had some work to do to be able to get the methodologies and the analytical resources and that, frankly, the engagement model to be able to support the growth in private credit over the last several years. And I think we've done a good job of that. And you've seen that come into the rating results.

But you've also heard me say, in some ways, I wanted diagnostic to whether it's private credit funding or public credit funding. It's actually interesting, Alex, if we look at this past quarter, there was a significant rotation of private credit back into the broadly syndicated loan market. We actually -- there was a pitch book stat about $12 billion of direct lending deals refi from private credit into the BSL market in the third quarter. That was the highest quarterly volume since the tracking began back in 2022. So you know I guess what, we're going to rate that stuff, too.

And so I'd say a few things just in terms of credit quality. We've got the same analyst rating the public credit and the private credit, right? And that makes me feel very comfortable. It's not some special different team. We have a lot of engagement with regulators who want to understand our approaches and how we're thinking about all of this. So that's great. And then you've seen us do the things like the MSCI and now the Allvue partnership. And what that's really about, Alex, is about all of these headlines are just leading investors to ask more questions about the credit risk that they are taking. And I talked, for a few years, I'd hear kind of the talking points. I'd say, yes, but don't you want to have an independent assessment of credit, how much credit for the return that you say you're getting, do you understand how much risk you're taking.

And so what we did with Allvue is very similar to what we did with MSCI. We had another data set that allows us to further calibrate our credit models and be able to make those available to Allvue and other customers so that they can get a probability of an independent rigorous probability default, it's mapped to a rating level to help investors. What we really want to do is start to drive the usage and utility of our tools and our credit language with investors in the private credit markets, just like we've done in the public credit markets. And ultimately, be agnostic to whether it's public or private credit.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of David Motemaden from Evercore.

David Motemaden

I had a question on the insurance business, and it's interesting to hear that casualty is one of the fastest growth areas in the quarter. We're just seeing and hearing a lot of interest from third-party capital to access casualty business. So I'm wondering if you are seeing any impact of that yet in the results and how you're viewing that opportunity going forward?

Robert Fauber

Yes, David, thanks for the question. And like a lot of this stuff where we're innovating, the casualty is still a pretty small part of the business, but it's -- but we're seeing very good traction and interest.

And why is that? In the U.S., casualty, I think, is something like 60% of gross written premiums. It's a huge part of the insurance business, but it is very immature in terms of its use of third-party data and analytics. When you think about property, property has been using these sophisticated cat models for 3 decades. But what about casualty. We go into casualty, and people are talking about Google searches and all sorts of stuff. So that's why we made the investment a couple of years ago in that casualty analytics business. There's a strong kind of AI component to it. One of the things it does -- and I think I've talked about this in the past, it's scouring law journals and medical journals and finding emerging mass torts. And guess what? We alerted our customers to the mass tort risk of addictive software back in, I think, 2018, right? And of course, we saw the Facebook settlement this year.

So that's what that business is about. And what you heard us do with Lloyd's is Lloyd's understands there's potentially a lot of signal value in all of the company data that we have and connecting that data to be able to better understand casualty risk. So it was interesting, David, I can't remember if you were at [indiscernible] with us. But the casualty rooms and sessions, they were packed. And it was the same thing at Rendez-vous. There was so much discussion about casualty because it's a big part of the market, but people need better tools to be able to get comfortable with underwriting it. So this is one where I feel really good about what we're bringing to this market, and the insurance industry partnering with us to be able to bring these solutions to market. So you're going to keep hearing about this as a growth driver, I think, on future calls.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Owen Lau with Clear Street.

Owen Lau

Could you please talk about MA's longer-term model of selling data. So given the pros and cons, do you think MA can get more revenue by entitling more users to get data through AI models and MCP or sell the data directly through your own channel. I know you're doing both, but I'm wondering how would you think about protecting data getting incremental revenue, but not cannibalizing your own platform?

Robert Fauber

Yes. Great question, Owen. So let me think about how I want to answer this. There are different speeds of customers, right? First of all, we have to understand that. So we have the big sophisticated financial institutions and most of them want to consume our content via MCPs into either their own AI platforms or some of the third-party UIs they're using. And so we're doing that. And we're doing that either via MCPs or in some cases, through specialized agents that will be in their platform.

The good thing about that, Owen, is that if you think about over the years, Moody's has done a great job of monetizing the expert user community, right? These are people that are analyzing fixed income portfolios or cat modeling professionals, but there's a lot of utility for our content kind of down that sophistication curve or user curve. And so when you think about deploying -- I was just at one of the largest banks in the country, I guess it was Monday with Cristina. And what we were talking about is they've got 8,000 users on one of these AI surfaces, and they said, "Look, we want to bring your content into that surface". Great. Right now, we have a fraction of that, that's using some of that content. And so this gives us an opportunity to expose our content to thousands and thousands more users and get an uplift in doing that and then thinking about elements of consumption-based pricing that will include in that model.

That said, I think you'll hear more from Cristina about this early in 2027. I don't think we just want to have data pipes and the customers, we also want to think about how we move up the value stack. And ultimately, have kind of embedded solutions with the customers that are driving very significant outcomes in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. And so we have a lot to offer there. You've heard some of these examples that I've been talking about. But that means, I think, I talked about that kind of FTE model of co-building with our customers is ultimately a number of customers are going to be migrating over time from software solutions who more agentic workflows, and we want to do that with our customers. And we want to be with them with AI-enabled software. We want to be with them piping our data into their platforms, and we want to be co-building the next generation of agentic solutions with them, all of which are ways to consume our connected intelligence.

Operator

Your final question comes from the line of Peter Christiansen with Citigroup.

Peter Christiansen

Rob, I guess, as you head into the largest renewal quarter, what are you seeing from a pricing perspective across Moody's Analytics? Are customers demonstrating a willingness to pay more for AI capabilities, workflow and integration, what have you? Just wondering if you could talk about what trends you're seeing in regards to that dynamic.

Robert Fauber

Yes. Thanks. And I know Noemie has bumped out that she did not get a chance to answer a question on this call. But -- so look, I think it comes back to a couple of things. A lot of these institutions have very significant investment agendas around their AI platforms and very critically, the data that goes into the platforms.

So there is budget for all of that. But it comes back to you've got to prove the value of your stuff, right? And so that's why you hear us talking about the outcomes and the efficiency and the effectiveness. And by the way, we did a really interesting brief POC with -- it was with our credit MCP integrated into one of these AI surfaces. And the answer is with and without the Moody's [indiscernible], it was actually shocking to me. How many errors there were without the Moody's credit MCP when you were querying around credit topic. So banks understand, financial institutions understand the value of this stuff. We're trying to make it -- that's why we're trying to be very crisp about outcomes that we think we can deliver. And if you can deliver those kinds of outcomes, those kinds of time savings, those kinds of increased effectiveness.

I talked about 95% first-pass accuracy and that risk data refinery Institutions are going to pay for that because the ROI is very clear. But in many cases, the customer is going to test drive this first to make sure that they can confirm the business case for it. And so the -- I would say the selling motions are a little different, but I feel very good about the engagement we've got with customers, the pricing opportunity, where the customers are seeing real value.

Operator

We have reached the end of the Q&A session. I will now turn the call back to Rob for closing remarks.

Robert Fauber

All right. Thanks, everybody, for joining, and we will talk to you early in the new year. All right. Take care. Bye-bye.

Operator

This concludes Moody's Corporation Third Quarter 2026 Earnings Call. As a reminder, immediately following this call, the company will post the MIS revenue breakdown under the Investor Resources section of the Moody's IR homepage. Additionally, a replay will be made available after the call on the Moody's IR website. Thank you for attending. You may now disconnect.